妊

See also: 姙

妊 U+598A, 妊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-598A ← 妉 [U+5989] CJK Unified Ideographs 妋 → [U+598B]

Translingual

Han character

妊 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 女竹土 (VHG), four-corner 4241₄, composition ⿰女壬)

1. conceive
2. be pregnant

Derived characters

• 𡤊

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6072
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1031, character 6
• Unihan data for U+598A

Chinese

trad.		妊
simp. #		妊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (壬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紝	*nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
鵀	*nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
拰	*nɯmʔ
賃	*nɯms
任	*njɯm, *njɯms
壬	*l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm
恁	*njɯm, *njɯmʔ
銋	*njɯm, *njɯmʔ
荏	*njɯmʔ
餁	*njɯmʔ
栠	*njɯmʔ
袵	*njɯmʔ
飪	*njɯmʔ
妊	*njɯms
衽	*njɯms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯms): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 壬 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm).

Etymology

Cognate with 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to be burdened; to be loaded”). See there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rèn, Rèn (ren⁴, Ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ, ㄖㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁶ / jam⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rim⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zen / ⁶gnin / ⁶zeen / ²gnin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴
    • Yale: rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɻən⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Rèn
    • Wade–Giles: Jên⁴
    • Yale: Rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Renn
    • Palladius: Жэнь (Žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɻən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jam⁶ / jam⁴
    • Yale: yahm / yàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁶ / jam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem⁶ / yem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²²/, /jɐm²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
    • Tâi-lô: līm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lim
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
    • Tâi-lô: jīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jim
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: rim⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zim³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zəŋ²⁴/
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin
    • MiniDict: nyin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /n̠ʲiŋ¹¹/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zeen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ¹¹/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ²gnin
    • MiniDict: nyin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/

Note:

• ⁶zen (Shanghai), ⁶zeen (Shaoxing) - literary;
• ⁶gnin (Shanghai) - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: nyimH

Rime
Character	妊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	汝鴆切
Baxter	nyimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵimH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵimH/
Li Rong	/ȵiəmH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妊
Reading #	1/1
No.	10822
Phonetic component	壬
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	妊
Old Chinese	/*njɯms/

Definitions

妊

1. pregnant
2. Ren, a surname

Compounds

• 妊娠
• 妊娠紋 / 妊娠纹 (rènshēnwén)
• 妊娠線 / 妊娠线
• 妊婦 / 妊妇 (rènfù)
• 妊神星 (Rènshénxīng)

Hypernyms

• 上古八大姓 (Shànggǔ Bā Dàxìng)

Descendants

• → English: Ren, Jen

Japanese

Kanji

妊

(Jōyō kanji)

1. pregnancy

Readings

• Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: じん (jin)
• Kun: はらむ (haramu, 妊む)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 姙

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妊 (MC nyimH).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅀᅵᆷ〮 (Yale: zím)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	ᄇᆡᆯ (Yale: pòyl)	ᅀᅵᆷ〯 (Yale: zǐm)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)m]
• Phonetic hangul: [임(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

妊 (eumhun 아이 밸 임 (ai bael im))

1. hanja form^? of 임 (“pregnancy”)

Compounds

• 임부 (妊婦, imbu)
• 임산부 (妊産婦, imsanbu)
• 임신 (妊娠, imsin)
• 임신부 (妊娠婦, imsinbu)
• 피임 (避妊, piim)
• 피임법 (避妊法, piimbeop)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

妊: Hán Nôm readings: nhâm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.