去年
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]| to go; to leave; to remove | year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (去年) |
去 | 年 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qü4 nyian2
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): qūlien
- Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi3 nin4 / heoi3 nin4-2
- Jin (Wiktionary): qy3 nie1
- Northern Min (KCR): ko̤̿-nīng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khì-nî / khìr-nî
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5chiu-gni6
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke4 nyienn2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): qy4 nien2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qùnián
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyùnián
- Wade–Giles: chʻü4-nien2
- Yale: chyù-nyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuhnian
- Palladius: цюйнянь (cjujnjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qü4 nyian2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ky nian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy²¹³ nʲiɛn²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: qūlien
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): qu4 lien0
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴ liẽ/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: heoi3 nin4 / heoi3 nin4-2
- Yale: heui nìhn / heui nín
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoey3 nin4 / hoey3 nin4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: hêu3 nin4 / hêu3 nin4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵy̯³³ niːn²¹/, /hɵy̯³³ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qy3 nie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵ nie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ko̤̿-nīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔ³³ niŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ke4 nyienn2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ̞⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: qy4 nien2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴ n̠ʲi̯ɛn¹¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: khjoH nen
Noun
[edit]去年
- last year
- 峰值收入來看,去年12月30日,《戀與製作人》在AppStore暢銷榜達到的最高排位第4名。 [MSC, trad.]
- Fēngzhí shōurù láikàn, qùnián 12 yuè 30 rì, “liàn yǔ zhìzuòrén” zài App Store chàngxiāobǎng dádào de zuìgāo páiwèi dì 4 míng. [Pinyin]
- In terms of peak revenue, "Lover and Producer" reached the 4th highest rank in the App Store's bestseller list in December last year.
峰值收入来看,去年12月30日,《恋与制作人》在AppStore畅销榜达到的最高排位第4名。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 去年 (“last year”) [map]
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 去 | 年 |
| きょ Grade: 3 |
ねん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]In New Year's cards (年賀状), 去年 should not be used because 去 has negative implications including “to die” or “to separate”, etc. 昨年 (sakunen) or 旧年 (kyūnen) should be used instead.
Antonyms
[edit]- 来年 (rainen, “next year”)
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]/ko2zo2/ > /kozo/.
Noun
[edit]- (obsolete) last year
- 905 Kokin Wakashū (poem #1)
- 年の内に春はきにけりひととせを去年(こぞ)とやいはむ今年(ことし)とやいはん
- 905 Kokin Wakashū (poem #1)
- (obsolete) last night
Related terms
[edit]| 日 (“day”) | 週 (“week”) | 月 (“month”) | 年 (“year”) | 暁 (“morning”) | 朝 (“morning”) | 夕 (“evening”) | 晩 (“evening”) | 夜 (“night”) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Every | 毎日, 日日 | 毎週 | 毎月, 月月 | 毎年, 年年 | 毎朝 | 毎晩 | 毎夜 | |||
| Every other | 隔週 | 隔月 | 隔年 | |||||||
| Whole | 日間, 日中, 終日 | 週間 | 月間 | 年間, 年中, 終年 | 夜間, 夜中, 終夜 | |||||
| Half | 半日 | 半月 | 半年 | |||||||
| Absolute | −3 | 一昨昨日, 一昨々日 | 一昨昨年, 再昨年 | |||||||
| −2 | 一昨日 | 先々週 | 先々月 | 一昨年 | 一昨朝 | 一昨晩 | 一昨夜 | |||
| −1 | 昨日 | 先週, 昨週 | 先月, 後月, 去月, 昨月 | 去年, 昨年, 旧年 | 昨暁 | 昨朝 | 昨夕 | 昨晩 | 昨夜 | |
| 0 | 今日, 本日 | 今週 | 今月, 本月 | 今年, 本年 | 今暁 | 今朝 | 今夕 | 今晩, 今宵 | 今夜 | |
| +1 | 明日 | 来週, 次週 | 来月 | 来年, 明年 | 明朝 | 明晩 | 明夜 | |||
| +2 | 明後日 | 再来週 | 再来月 | 再来年, 明後年 | ||||||
| +3 | 明明後日, 弥の明後日 | |||||||||
| +4 | 弥の明後日, 明明後日, 明明明後日 | |||||||||
| Relative | −2 | 前前日 | 前前週 | 前前月 | 前前年 | |||||
| −1 | 前日 | 前週 | 前月 | 前年 | 前夕 | 前夜 | ||||
| 0 | 当日, 同日 | 当週 | 当月 | 当年, 同年 | 当夜 | |||||
| +1 | 翌日 | 翌週 | 翌月 | 翌年 | 翌朝 | 翌晩 | ||||
| +2 | 翌翌日 | 翌翌週 | 翌翌月 | 翌翌年 | ||||||
Usage note: 前 and 翌 may be repeated further or instead use the 々 iteration mark
References
[edit]- Kojima, Noriyuki with Arai Eizō (1989) [905], Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 5: Kokin Wakashū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “〈去年〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Kikai
[edit]Kanji
[edit]去年
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese こぞ (kozo, “yesteryear”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]去年 (fuju)
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 去 | 年 |
Noun
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]去年
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese こぞ (kozo, “yesteryear”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]去年 (kuju)
Okinoerabu
[edit]Kanji
[edit]去年
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese こぞ (kozo, “yesteryear”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]去年 (fuzu)
Yonaguni
[edit]Kanji
[edit]去年
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese こぞ (kozo, “yesteryear”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]去年 (kudu)
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 去
- Chinese terms spelled with 年
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Past
- Japanese terms spelled with 去 read as きょ
- Japanese terms spelled with 年 read as ねん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- ja:Past
- Kikai kanji
- Kikai hyōgai kanji
- Kikai terms with redundant transliterations
- Kikai kanji with kun reading ふじゅ
- Kikai kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation
- Kikai terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kikai lemmas
- Kikai nouns
- Kikai terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Kikai terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Kikai terms with 2 kanji
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan hyōgai kanji
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading くじゅ
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- Okinoerabu kanji
- Okinoerabu hyōgai kanji
- Okinoerabu kanji with kun reading ふず
- Okinoerabu kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation
- Okinoerabu kanji with kun reading ふずー
- Okinoerabu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinoerabu lemmas
- Okinoerabu nouns
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Okinoerabu terms with 2 kanji
- Yonaguni kanji
- Yonaguni hyōgai kanji
- Yonaguni kanji with kun reading くどぅ
- Yonaguni kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation
- Yonaguni terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yonaguni lemmas
- Yonaguni nouns
- Yonaguni terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Yonaguni terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Yonaguni terms with 2 kanji