考試

See also: 考试

Chinese

		to check; to verify; to test to check; to verify; to test; to examine	to test; to try; experiment to test; to try; experiment; examination; test
trad. (考試)		考	試
simp. (考试)		考	试

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): kǎoshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ ㄕˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kao³ si⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кошу (košu, II-I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haau² si⁵ / haau² si³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hau² si¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kháu-sṳ

  (Hailu, HRS): kau^ˊ shi^ˇ

• Eastern Min (BUC): kō̤-sé̤ṳ / kō̤-sé
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khó-chhì / khóⁿ-chhì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kao² ci³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khau-sy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎoshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎoshìh
    • Wade–Giles: kʻao³-shih⁴
    • Yale: kǎu-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaoshyh
    • Palladius: каоши (kaoši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 考試／考试 考釋／考释

  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: kao³ si⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kaos
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau⁵³ sz̩²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кошу (košu, II-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔ⁵¹ ʂou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau² si⁵ / haau² si³
    • Yale: háau síh / háau si
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau² si⁵ / haau² si³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao² xi⁵ / hao² xi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³⁵ siː¹³/, /haːu̯³⁵ siː³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hau² si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hau⁵⁵ si³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: kau^ˋ sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kau³ si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kau^ˊ shi^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰau²⁴⁻³³ ʃi¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kō̤-sé̤ṳ / kō̤-sé
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)løy²¹³/, /kʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)lɛi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-chhì
    • Tâi-lô: khó-tshì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoychix
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ-chhì
    • Tâi-lô: khónn-tshì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvofchix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kao² ci³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kháu tshì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰi²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khau-sy
    • MiniDict: khau^去 sy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khau-sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: khawX syiH

Rime
Character	考	試
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	苦浩切	式吏切
Baxter	khawX	syiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑuX/	/ɕɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑuX/	/ɕɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑuX/	/ɕieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰawX/	/ɕɨH/
Li Rong	/kʰɑuX/	/ɕiəH/
Wang Li	/kʰɑuX/	/ɕĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑuX/	/ɕiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎo	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hou2	si3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤuʔ  l̥ək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːʔ  hljɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	考	試
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎo	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ khawX ›	‹ syiH ›
Old Chinese	/*k-r̥ˁuʔ/	/*l̥ək-s/
English	old; deceased father	test, try
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	考	試
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7404	14971
Phonetic component	丂	弋
Rime group	幽	代
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	考	試
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːʔ/	/*hljɯɡs/

Noun

考試

1. test (of a person's proficiency or knowledge); examination; exam (Classifier: 次 m)

   模擬考試／模拟考试  ―  mónǐ kǎoshì  ―  mock test

   期末考試／期末考试  ―  qīmò kǎoshì  ―  end-of-term examination

   要是考試不及格的話，怎麼辦？ [MSC, trad.]
   要是考试不及格的话，怎么办？ [MSC, simp.]

   Yàoshi kǎoshì bù jígé dehuà, zěnme bàn? [Pinyin]

   If I don't pass my exams, what do I do?

   他的考試成績很好。 [MSC, trad.]
   他的考试成绩很好。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā de kǎoshì chéngjì hěn hǎo. [Pinyin]

   His exam result is very good.

   兩天要準備八門的考試，她恐怕吃不消。 [MSC, trad.]
   两天要准备八门的考试，她恐怕吃不消。 [MSC, simp.]

   Liǎng tiān yào zhǔnbèi bā mén de kǎoshì, tā kǒngpà chībùxiāo. [Pinyin]

   She feared she wouldn't be able to handle preparing for eight exams in two days.

Derived terms

• 入學考試／入学考试 (rùxué kǎoshì)
• 公考 (gōngkǎo)
• 標準化考試／标准化考试 (biāozhǔnhuà kǎoshì)
• 漢語水平考試／汉语水平考试 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì)
• 考公 (kǎogōng)

 

Verb

考⫽試 (verb-object)

1. to take a test; to sit an examination; to have an exam

   我今天考試了。／我今天考试了。  ―  Wǒ jīntiān kǎoshì le.  ―  I had an exam today.

   大部分的學生都考完了試。 [MSC, trad.]
   大部分的学生都考完了试。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dàbùfèn de xuéshēng dōu kǎo wán le shì. [Pinyin]

   Most of the students have finished the exam.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 考試 (“to take an examination”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		考試, 測試, 課試
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	考試
	Harbin	考試
	Singapore	考試
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	考試
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	考試
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	考試
	Xi'an	考試
	Xining	考試
	Xuzhou	考試
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	考試
	Lanzhou	考試
	Ürümqi	考試
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	考試
	Guiyang	考試
	Guilin	考試
	Liuzhou	考試
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	考試
	Yangzhou	考試
Cantonese	Hong Kong	考試
	Dongguan	考試
Hakka	Yudu	考試
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	考試
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	考試
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	考試
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	考試
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	考試
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	考試
Huizhou	Jixi	考試
Jin	Taiyuan	考試
	Xinzhou	考試
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	考書
Southern Min	Xiamen	考試
	Quanzhou	考試
	Jinjiang	考冊
	Zhangzhou	考試
	Zhao'an	考試
	Tainan	考試
	Penang (Hokkien)	考冊
	Singapore (Hokkien)	考冊
	Manila (Hokkien)	考冊
	Medan (Hokkien)	考冊
	Singapore (Teochew)	考書
	Haikou	考試
	Qionghai	考試
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	考試
Wu	Shanghai	考試
	Shanghai (Chongming)	考書
	Suzhou	考試
	Danyang	考試
	Hangzhou	考試
	Ningbo	考試
	Wenzhou	考試
	Jinhua	考試
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	考字

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (考試):

• → Japanese: 考(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
• → Korean: 고시(考試) (gosi)
• → Vietnamese: khảo thí (考試)

See also

• 測驗／测验 (cèyàn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
考	試
こう Grade: 2	し Grade: 4
on'yomi

Noun

考(こう)試(し) • (kōshi) 

1. test; exam

Korean

Hanja in this term
考	試

Noun

考試 • (gosi) (hangeul 고시)

1. hanja form^? of 고시 (“examination, exam, test”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
考	試

Noun

考試

1. chữ Hán form of khảo thí (“examination, exam, test”).