秦
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 851, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995
- Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5
- Unihan data for U+79E6
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 秦 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 秦 | |
alternative forms | 𥠼 𣜈 𥘿 𥢮 𥣠 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 秦 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意): 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form.
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意): abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
秦
- (~國) State of Qin (in ancient China)
- 晉侯、秦伯圍鄭,以其無禮於晉,且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵,秦軍氾南。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán. [Pinyin]
- The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.
晋侯、秦伯围郑,以其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也。晋军函陵,秦军氾南。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (~朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
- Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
- a surname
- 秦良玉 ― Qín Liángyù ― Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “秦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02923
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: じん (jin)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)
- Sō-on: ちん (chin)
- Kun: はた (hata, 秦); はたしん (hatashin, 秦)
- Nanori: かな (kana); たい (tai); はだ (hada); ひろ (hiro); まさ (masa); やす (yasu)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
しん Jinmeiyō |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC d͡ziɪn).
Proper noun[edit]
- (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
- (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
- 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
- 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
- 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はた Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun[edit]
- a place name
- a surname
Derived terms[edit]
- 秦公寺 (Hatanokimi-dera)
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はたしん Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) + 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”).
The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).
Pronunciation[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 2 above.
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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