杵

杵 U+6775, 杵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6775 ← 杴 [U+6774] CJK Unified Ideographs 杶 → [U+6776]

Translingual

Han character

杵 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 木人十 (DOJ), four-corner 4894₀, composition ⿰木午)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 513, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14503
• Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1170, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6775

Chinese

simp. and trad.		杵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “pestle”) – a wooden pestle.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǔ (chu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyu² / cyu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cu³

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhú / thú / chhír / chhí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu³
    • Yale: chǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
    • Palladius: чу (ču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyu² / cyu⁵
    • Yale: chyú / chyúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsy² / tsy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qu² / qu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyː³⁵/, /t͡sʰyː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
    • Hakka Romanization System: cu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cu³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cu³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhú
    • Tâi-lô: tshú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuo
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰu⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thú
    • Tâi-lô: thú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tuo
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰu⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhír
    • Tâi-lô: tshír
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhí
    • Tâi-lô: tshí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chie
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵²/

Note: su2 - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyhoX

Rime
Character	杵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌與切
Baxter	tsyhoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiɔX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭoX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.qʰaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	杵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhoX ›
Old Chinese	/*t.qʰaʔ/
English	pestle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杵
Reading #	1/1
No.	13174
Phonetic component	午
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	杵
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ/

Definitions

杵

1. pestle
2. baton used to beat clothes in washing
3. to poke
4. (Northeastern Mandarin) to stand (straight like a post)

Compounds

• 搗衣杵 / 捣衣杵
• 杵臼 (chǔjiù)
• 杵臼交
• 杵臼關節 / 杵臼关节
• 流血漂杵
• 砧杵
• 磨杵成針 / 磨杵成针
• 血流漂杵 (xuèliúpiāochǔ)
• 鐵杵磨針 / 铁杵磨针
• 黑杵

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thír

  (Teochew, Peng'im): te²

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thír
    • Tâi-lô: thír
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /tʰɯ⁴²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: te²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɯ⁵²/

Note: Singapore.

Definitions

杵

1. (Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) alternative form of 悇

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“foolish”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		傻
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	傻
	Taiwan	傻
	Singapore	傻, 戇
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	傻
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	瓜
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	哈, 瓜, 寶
	Wuhan	苕, 哈, 嘎
	Guilin	哈
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	呆, 木足, 瓜
	Hefei	呆, 傻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	戇, 傻, 戇居
	Hong Kong	傻, 戇, 戇居
	Taishan	傻, 吽, 戇
	Dongguan	戇, 傻, 吽
	Yangjiang	傻, 戇
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	傻, 戇
	Singapore (Guangfu)	傻, 戇
Gan	Nanchang	蟬
Hakka	Meixian	傻, 戇
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	戇, 傻
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	傻
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	戇
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	戇
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Boluo (Bendihua)	呆愕
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	戇
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	戇鬼
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	傻
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	慢, 嚒
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	戇
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	傻
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	戇
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	戇
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	戇
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	戇
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	戇
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	戇
Jin	Taiyuan	傻, 二不楞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	賴, 戇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	戇
	Fuzhou (Changle)	戇
	Fuqing	戇
	Yongtai	戇
	Gutian	阿褒
	Fu'an	戇
	Ningde	戇, 庸
	Shouning	戇, 庸
	Zhouning	戇
	Fuding	庸
	Matsu	戇
Southern Min	Xiamen	戇
	Quanzhou	戇, 潲面 vulgar
	Zhangzhou	戇, 哚哥, 潲面 vulgar
	Zhao'an	戇
	Kaohsiung	戇
	Changhua (Lukang)	戇
	Taichung	戇
	Taichung (Wuqi)	呆
	Tainan	槌, 戇
	Hsinchu	戇
	Penghu (Magong)	戇
	Penang (Hokkien)	戇
	Singapore (Hokkien)	戇, 悇, 呆, 歁戇, 戇戇, 戇呆, 呆呆, 悇悇
	Manila (Hokkien)	戇, 戇戇, 洽, 洽潲 vulgar, 洽仔, 山猴, 三八, 三八潲 vulgar
	Chaozhou	㦙, 白仁, 戇
	Jieyang	㦙, 白仁, 戇
	Singapore (Teochew)	㦙, 戇, 悇
	Wenchang	戇, 傻
	Haikou	戇
	Qionghai	戇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	戇
Wu	Shanghai	戇, 壽, 糞
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	戇, 壽, 踱
	Suzhou	戇, 壽, 踱
	Wuxi	戇, 壽
	Tongxiang	踱
	Ningbo	呆, 戇
	Wenzhou	呆, 憨
Xiang	Changsha	寶, 醒
	Shuangfeng	哈

Japanese

Kanji

杵

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. pestle (stick used to grind ingredients in a mortar)
2. hammer

   Synonym: 槌

3. shield

   Synonym: 盾

Readings

• Go-on: しょ (sho)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho)
• Kun: きね (kine, 杵)

Compounds

• 九鈷杵(くこしょ) (kukosho)
• 五鈷杵(ごこしょ) (gokosho)
• 金剛杵(こんごうしょ) (kongōsho)
• 三鈷杵(さんこしょ) (sankosho)
• 砧杵(ちんしょ) (chinsho)
• 銅杵(どうしょ) (dōsho)
• 独鈷杵(どっこしょ) (dokkosho)
• 鈴杵(れいしょ) (reisho)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
杵
きね Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

杵 (ki) +‎ 根 (-ne)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲine̞]
• (Tokyo) きね [kíꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

杵(きね) • (kine) 

1. pestle

Derived terms

• 杵歌(きねうた) (kineuta)
• 杵柄(きねがら) (kinegara)
• 杵束(きねづか) (kinezuka)
• 搗(つ)き杵(ぎね) (tsukigine)

See also

• 臼(うす) (usu)

References

• “^▲杵”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

杵 (eum 저 (jeo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

杵: Hán Nôm readings: ngỏ

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