糞

See also: 粪

糞	U+7CDE, 糞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDE

← 糝
[U+7CDD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

糟 →
[U+7CDF]

Translingual

Han character

糞 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 火木田廿金 (FDWTC), four-corner 9080₁, composition ⿱米異)

Derived characters

𡓴, 𢹔, 瀵, 𥽤, 𣠂, 𥽡, 䆏, 𫘚, 𣀲, 𫃘, 𱹩

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27102
Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 7
Unihan data for U+7CDE

Chinese

trad.		糞
simp.		粪
alternative forms		𨤝𥻔𥽒𨤘𥻰𨤝𥻔𥽒𨤘𥻰𥻪𡐢𥼇𥼈𥹻𢍨𥻎𤲲𡊅 partial 𡊄 partial

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糞
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (糞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
糞	*pɯns
瀵	pɯns, pʰɯns

Oracle bone: pictogram (象形): 3 dots + 𠀠 + 廾 + optional 帚 (zhǒu).

Small seal: pictogram (象形): 釆 + 𠦒 + 廾.

The current glyph is from the small seal script.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brun (“excrement”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲུན (brun, “dung”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fèn (fen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фын (fɨn, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³
Gan (Wiktionary): fiin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fun / pun

(Meixian, Guangdong): bun⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): feng³
Northern Min (KCR): be̤̿ng
Eastern Min (BUC): bóng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pùn / hùn

(Teochew, Peng'im): bung³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵fen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴
  - Yale: fèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
  - Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fen⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фын (fɨn, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fəŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan³
  - Yale: fan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fiin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɨn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun / pun
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun / bun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun⁴ / bun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵/, /pun⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pun⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: be̤̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pœyŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pouŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pùn / hùn
  - Tâi-lô: pùn / hùn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: puxn, huxn
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pun²¹/, /hun²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pun⁴¹/, /hun⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pun²¹/, /hun²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pun¹¹/, /hun¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pun²¹/, /hun²¹/

Note:

pùn - vernacular;
hùn - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bung³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pùng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /puŋ²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵fen
  - MiniDict: fen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fən³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸən⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: pjunH

Rime
Character	糞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方問切
Baxter	pjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piun^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun^H/
Li Rong	/piuən^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuən^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯uən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*p[u]r-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun^H ›
Old Chinese	/*p[u]r-s/
English	manure, dirt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糞
Reading #	1/1
No.	3197
Phonetic component	糞
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	糞
Old Chinese	/*pɯns/

Definitions

糞

excrement; faeces; dung
manure
(literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to
(literary, or in compounds) to clear away

Synonyms

(excrement):

Dialectal synonyms of 屎 (“faeces”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		糞, 屎, 糞便, 大便, 大恭
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	屎, 大外, 㞎㞎 childish
	Taiwan	大便, 屎
	Harbin	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
	Malaysia	屎, 大便
	Singapore	屎, 大便
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	屎, 大糞, 㞎㞎 childish
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	屎
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	屎, 屎㞎㞎 childish
	Wanrong	屎
	Xi'an	屎
	Xining	大便
	Xuzhou	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	屎
	Lanzhou	屎
	Ürümqi	屎, 泡克
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	屎, 屎㞎衣兒, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎㞎 childish
	Wuhan	㞎㞎, 屎, 大糞, 糞, 糟兒 slang, 米田共 argot
	Guiyang	屎, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎兒 childish
	Liuzhou	屎, 癟, 大便
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	屎
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Cantonese	Guangzhou	屎, 茄
	Hong Kong	屎, 茄, 大便, 米田共 slang, 便便 childish, 唔唔 childish, 臭臭 childish, 坺坺 childish
	Macau	屎
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	屎, 茄
	Dongguan	屎
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	屎
	Penang (Guangfu)	屎
	Singapore (Guangfu)	屎
Gan	Nanchang	屎
	Lichuan	屎
	Pingxiang	屎
Hakka	Meixian	屎, 大糞
	Yudu	屎
	Kuching (Hepo)	屎
Huizhou	Jixi	屎, 練 childish
Jin	Taiyuan	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Northern Min	Jian'ou	屎
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	屎
Southern Min	Xiamen	屎
	Quanzhou	屎
	Zhangzhou	屎
	Tainan	屎, 大便 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	屎
	Singapore (Hokkien)	屎
	Manila (Hokkien)	屎
	Chaozhou	屎
	Singapore (Teochew)	屎
	Leizhou	屎
	Haikou	屎
	Singapore (Hainanese)	屎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	屎
Wu	Shanghai	惡, 大解 dated
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	惡
	Shanghai (Chongming)	惡
	Suzhou	惡
	Danyang	屎
	Hangzhou	惡
	Shaoxing	惡
	Ningbo	惡
	Wenzhou	惡
	Jinhua	惡
Xiang	Changsha	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
	Loudi	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
	Hengyang	㞎㞎 childish
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(to apply manure to):

edit

上糞 / 上粪 (shàngfèn)
施肥 (shīféi)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (糞):

→ Japanese: 糞(ふん) (fun)
→ Korean: 분(糞) (bun)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: phân

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03073
“糞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

糞

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ふん (fun)
Kan-on: ふん (fun)
Kun: くそ (kuso, 糞)、ばば (baba, 糞)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
糞
くそ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
屎クソ

⟨kuso₁⟩ → /kuso/

From Old Japanese,^[1]^[2] from Proto-Japonic *kuso.

Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊so̞]
(Tokyo) くそ [kùsóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[3]^[4]

Noun

糞(くそ) • (kuso)

(colloquial, often vulgar) feces, excrement
(by extension, often vulgar) shit, crap, garbage, trash
このノートパソコンはクソだ！ ― Kono nōto pasokon wa kuso da! ― This laptop is shit!

Derived terms

糞(くそ)っ垂(た)れ (kusottare): dingleberry (vulgar epithet)
目(め)糞(くそ) (mekuso): rheum, eye mucus

Idioms

糞(くそ)にする (kuso ni suru): “to turn something into shit; to treat something as shit” → to make something worthless; to treat something as worthless
糞(くそ)の役(やく)にも立(た)たぬ (kuso no yaku ni mo tatanu): “not even standing in the role of shit” → not even good for shit
(See 役(やく)に立(た)つ (yaku ni tatsu): “to be useful, to play a role”)
糞(くそ)も味噌(みそ)も一緒(いっしょ) (kuso mo miso mo issho): “both crap and miso together” → a situation where it is difficult to tell the good from the bad

Interjection

糞(くそ) • (kuso)

(often vulgar) shit, crap
クソ！玄(げん)関(かん)の鍵(かぎ)をかけ忘(わす)れた！
Kuso! Genkan no kagi o kake-wasureta!
Shit! I forgot to lock the front door!

Usage notes

This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix

糞(くそ) • (kuso-)

(derogatory) pejorative prefix
糞(くそ)爺(じじ)い ― kusojijī ― damn geezer

Suffix

糞(くそ) • (-kuso)

crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix
下手(へた)糞(くそ) ― hetakuso ― crappy (bad at something), to be shit at doing something

襤褸(ぼろ)糞(くそ) ― borokuso ― broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
糞
ふん Hyōgai
on'yomi

/pun/ → /fun/

From Middle Chinese 糞 (MC pjunH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̃ɴ]
(Tokyo) ふん [fúꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]^[5]

Noun

糞(ふん) or 糞(フン) • (fun)

droppings, dung
ふれあい動(どう)物(ぶつ)園(えん)のモルモットが受(う)けるストレスを糞(ふん)中(ちゅう)コルチコステロンによって推(すい)定(てい)する試(こころ)み
fureai dōbutsuen no morumotto ga ukeru sutoresu o funchū koruchikosuteron ni yotte suitei suru kokoromi
Non-invasive monitoring of stress via fecal corticosterone levels in guinea pigs on public display

Usage notes

This noun specifically refers to the excrement of non-human animals; for human excrement, the term 大便 (daiben) is used.
This term may be spelled as フン due to the kanji 糞 not being on the jōyō kanji list.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
糞
ばば Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
屎

Appears to derive from baby talk.^[1]^[3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ba̠ba̠]
(Tokyo) ばば [bàbá] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
(Tokyo) ばば [bàbáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[3]

Noun

糞(ばば) • (baba)

(childish) poopoo, poop, dookie
(childish) something unclean

Derived terms

ばばっちい (babatchii, “dirty”, childish, literally “poopy”)
ばっちい (batchii, “dirty”, childish, literally “poopy”)
猫(ねこ)糞(ばば) (nekobaba, literally “cat-poopoo”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎^[1]
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲糞”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

糞 (eumhun 똥 분 (ttong bun))

hanja form^? of 분 (“dung”)

Vietnamese

Han character

糞: Hán Nôm readings: phẩn, phân

Noun

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
糞

糞

chữ Hán form of phân
1. (formal or euphemistic) stool; faeces; excrement
  局糞 (cục phân) ― a turd
  
  埬糞 (đống phân) ― a pile of feces
2. short for phân bón (“fertiliser; manure”)

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[ONCOJKuso-2] Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎^[1]

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-5] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[2]

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