腐る
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 腐 |
| くさ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Related to 糞 (kuso) and 臭い (kusai).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 腐る
| Plain | 腐る | くさる | [kùsáꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 腐って | くさって | [kùsáꜜttè] |
| Perfective | 腐った | くさった | [kùsáꜜttà] |
| Negative | 腐らない | くさらない | [kùsáráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 腐らなかった | くさらなかった | [kùsáráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 腐れば | くされば | [kùsáꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 腐ったら | くさったら | [kùsáꜜttàrà] |
| Imperative | 腐れ | くされ | [kùsáꜜrè] |
| Volitional | 腐ろう | くさろー | [kùsáróꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 腐りたい | くさりたい | [kùsárítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 腐ります | くさります | [kùsárímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 腐りません | くさりません | [kùsárímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 腐りましょう | くさりましょー | [kùsárímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 腐りました | くさりました | [kùsárímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 腐り 腐りに |
くさり くさりに |
[kùsáꜜrì] [kùsáꜜrì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 腐らず 腐らずに |
くさらず くさらずに |
[kùsáráꜜzù] [kùsáráꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 腐られる | くさられる | [kùsáráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 腐らせる 腐らす |
くさらせる くさらす |
[kùsáráséꜜrù] [kùsáráꜜsù] |
| Potential | 腐れる | くされる | [kùsáréꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]腐る • (kusaru) intransitive godan (stem 腐り (kusari), past 腐った (kusatta))
- to rot; to decompose
- 死体が腐る。 ― Shitai ga kusaru. ― A corpse rots.
- to spoil; to expire; to go bad; go off
- りんごが腐る。 ― Ringo ga kusaru. ― An apple spoils.
- to corrode
- 1914, 夏目漱石 [Natsume Sōseki], chapter 25, in こゝろ [Kokoro], 下 先生と遺書 [Sensei's Testament]:
- 使わない鉄が腐るように、彼の心には錆が出ていたとしか、私には思われなかったのです。
- tsukawanai tetsu ga kusaru yō ni, kare no kokoro ni wa sabi ga dete ita to shika, watakushi ni wa omowarenakatta no desu.
- As unused iron corrodes, it seemed to me that there was nothing but rust on his heart.
- to become corrupt; to degenerate
- to be dejected
- (figurative, business, of inventory) to not move
- 在庫が腐る。 ― Zaiko ga kusaru. ― Inventory doesn't move.
- (derogatory, auxiliary with verb in ren'yōkei) used to denigrate the action of another
- Synonym: やがる (yagaru)
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 腐ら | くさら | kusara |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 腐り | くさり | kusari |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 腐る | くさる | kusaru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 腐る | くさる | kusaru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 腐れ | くされ | kusare |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 腐れ | くされ | kusare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 腐られる | くさられる | kusarareru |
| Causative | 腐らせる 腐らす |
くさらせる くさらす |
kusaraseru kusarasu |
| Potential | 腐れる | くされる | kusareru |
| Volitional | 腐ろう | くさろう | kusarō |
| Negative | 腐らない | くさらない | kusaranai |
| Negative continuative | 腐らず | くさらず | kusarazu |
| Formal | 腐ります | くさります | kusarimasu |
| Perfective | 腐った | くさった | kusatta |
| Conjunctive | 腐って | くさって | kusatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 腐れば | くされば | kusareba |
See also
[edit]- くさい (kusai)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- “腐る”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 腐 read as くさ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with quotations
- ja:Business
- Japanese derogatory terms
- Japanese auxiliary verbs