栗
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]栗 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 一田木 (MWD), four-corner 10904, composition ⿱覀木(GJKV) or ⿱覀𣎳(HT))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 522, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14695
- Dae Jaweon: page 910, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1195, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6817
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 栗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 栗 | |
| alternative forms | 𣡼 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 栗 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – chestnuts growing on a tree. Similar to 果 and 某. Unrelated to 要 and 票.
Etymology 1
[edit]Possibly related to T'en [script needed] (lik³¹, “chestnut”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): leot6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li̍t
- Eastern Min (BUC): lík
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8liq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lì
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: leot6
- Yale: leuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: loet9
- Guangdong Romanization: lêd6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: lid
- Hagfa Pinyim: lid6
- Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lík
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍t
- Tâi-lô: li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: lit
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lit̚⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lit̚¹²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
- Tâi-lô: li̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: lek
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
- Tâi-lô: lik
- Phofsit Daibuun: leg
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚³²/
Note:
- la̍t - vernacular;
- li̍t/le̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lag8 / liêg8 / liag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: la̍k / lie̍k / lia̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /lak̚⁴/, /liek̚⁴/, /liak̚⁴/
Note:
- lag8 - vernacular;
- liêg8/liag8 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: lit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]i[t]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*riɡ/
Definitions
[edit]栗
- chestnut tree; chestnut
- 東門之栗、有踐家室。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dōngmén zhī lì, yǒu jiàn jiāshì. [Pinyin]
- By the chestnut trees at the east gate, is a row of houses.
东门之栗、有践家室。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 哀公問社於宰我。宰我對曰：「夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗，曰使民戰栗（慄）。」子聞之曰：「成事不說，遂事不諫，既往不咎。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Āigōng wèn shè yú Zǎi Wǒ. Zǎi Wǒ duìyuē: “Xiàhòushì yǐ sōng, yīnrén yǐ bǎi, zhōurén yǐ lì, yuē shǐ mín zhànlì (lì).” Zǐ wén zhī yuē: “Chéngshì bùshuō, suìshì bùjiàn, jìwǎng bùjiù.” [Pinyin]
- Duke Ai asked Zai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. Zai Wo replied, "The Xia sovereign's clan planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Zhou planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be trembling in awe." When the Master heard it, he said, "Things that are done, it is needless to speak about; things that have had their course, it is needless to remonstrate about; things that are past, it is needless to blame."
哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰：「夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗，曰使民战栗（栗）。」子闻之曰：「成事不说，遂事不谏，既往不咎。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 栗 – see 慄 (“to shiver; to shudder; to tremble; to be scared; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 慄). |
Notes:
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References
[edit]- “栗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]栗
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: りち (richi)
- Kan-on: りつ (ritsu)、り (ri)
- Kun: くり (kuri, 栗)、おののく (ononoku, 栗く)、きびしい (kibishii, 栗しい)
- Nanori: くる (kuru)、りっ (ri')
Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 栗 |
| くり Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Japanese chestnut, Castanea crenata
- short for 栗色 (kuri-iro): chestnut brown
Coordinate terms
[edit]- 五果, 五菓 (goka, “five fruits”): 桃 (momo, “peach”), 李 (sumomo, “Japanese plum”), 杏 (anzu, “apricot”), 棗 (natsume, “jujube”), 栗 (kuri, “Japanese chestnut”)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- 橡, 栃 (tochinoki, “Japanese horse chestnut”)
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
- a surname
References
[edit]- “▲栗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 栗 (MC lit).
| Historical readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 리ᇙ〮 (Yale: lílq) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 밤〯 (Yale: pǎm) | 률〮 (Yale: lyúl) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾjuɭ] ~ [juɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [률/율]
Hanja
[edit]
栗 (eumhun 밤 률 (bam ryul), word-initial (South Korea) 밤 율 (bam yul))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]栗: Hán Việt readings: lật[1][2][3][4][5][6]
栗: Nôm readings: lật[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], lứt[1][3][4][5][7], lặt[1][4][5][7], rật[1][3][4], rất[1], sắt[1], trật[1], lắt[2], sật[3], sựt[3], lất[7], lưt[6]
- chữ Nôm form of lặt (“(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to pluck off”)
- chữ Nôm form of lật
- to turn upside down, to overturn
- used in lật đật (“hurried; in a hurry”)
- chữ Nôm form of rất (“very”)
- chữ Nôm form of sắt (“iron (chemical element)”)
- Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經), 12th century, folio 31b
- 蛇礼䋥栗恰匝𫃚工身，戈林彦劫，願庄技𠅜经孛。
- Thà lấy lưới sắt khắp táp buộc trong thân, qua trăm ngàn kiếp, nguyền chẳng ghẽ lời kinh Bụt.
- [We would] rather have an iron net tied around [our] bodies for a hundred thousand kalpas than separate from the Buddha's teachings.
- Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經), 12th century, folio 31b
- chữ Nôm form of trật (“(of a target) missed; incorrect; inaccurate”)
References
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading きび・しい
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- ja:Beech family plants
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