松

Translingual

Alternative forms

• See also 鬆 (different characters in Traditional Chinese and Japanese)
• Other forms: 枩, 柗, 梥, 枀

Etymology

Originally semantic 木 ("wood") + phonetic 公 (pinyin: gōng, Old Chinese: *C.qˁoŋ).

Separately, for only the senses listed at Mandarin below, the simplified form of 鬆.

Han character

松 (radical 75 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 4893₂, composition ⿰木公)

1. pine tree
2. fir tree
3. A surname, listed 216th in the Baijiaxing
4. (simplified) lax, loose
5. (simplified) loosen, relax

References

• KangXi: page 514, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
• Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1173, character 5
• Unihan data for U+677E

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Chinese

simpl.		松
trad.		松/鬆

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sōng, Sōng (song¹, Song¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥ, ㄙㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): sûng
• Min Nan (POJ): sang / song

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: sōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: sung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: song
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: Sōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: sung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Song
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cung⁴
    • Yale: chùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûng
    • IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /suŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sang / song
    • Tâi-lô: sang / song
    • IPA (Taipei): /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /saŋ³⁴/, /sɔŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (松, reconstructed)
Character (松), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 邪 (17) Final: 鍾 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 祥容切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/zɨoŋ/	/zi̯woŋ/	/zioŋ/	/zioŋ/	/zuawŋ/	/zĭwoŋ/	/zioŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (松, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
松								sōng								‹ zjowng ›								/*sə.ɢoŋ/								pine (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
松					4115					公					東					0					松					/*sɢloŋ/

Definitions

1. As above.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sōng (song¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sung¹
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): sûng
• Min Nan (POJ): sang / song

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: sōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: sung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: song
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sung¹
    • Yale: sūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûng
    • IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /suŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sang / song
    • Tâi-lô: sang / song
    • IPA (Taipei): /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /saŋ³⁴/, /sɔŋ³⁴/

Definitions

1. (Simplified, adj.): Loose, lax.
2. (Simplified, v.): Loosen, make lax.

Compounds

• 松江
• 松花
• 松球
• 松仁, 松仁儿
• 松鼠, 松鼠儿
• 松树
• 松涛
• 松烟
• 松针
• 松脂
• 松绑
• 松弛
• 松脆
• 松动
• 松紧带, 松紧带儿
• 松劲, 松劲儿
• 松开
• 松快
• 松气
• 松软
• 松散
• 松手
• 松松垮垮, 松松垮垮的

Usage notes

The pronunciation changed if used as 鬆.

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Japanese

Kanji

松

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: しゅ (shu)
• Kan’on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: まつ (matsu)

Compounds

• 松明 (たいまつ, taimatsu)
• 松江

Kanji in this term

松

まつ Grade: 4

kun'yomi

Noun

松 (hiragana まつ, romaji matsu)

1. a pine tree
2. a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
3. the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system

Coordinate terms

• (rank):
  • 竹 (たけ) (take): the middle rank
  • 梅 (うめ) (ume): the lowest rank

Proper noun

松 (hiragana まつ, romaji Matsu)

1. A surname​.

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Korean

Hanja

松 (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune-Reischauer song, Yale song)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

松 (tùng, thông, tòng)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.