松

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松 U+677E, 松
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-677E
← 杽
[U+677D]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 板 →
[U+677F]
See also: 鬆

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

松 (radical 75 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 48932, composition ⿰木公)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 514, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
  • Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1173, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+677E

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慃 *qroːŋʔ
袞 *kluːnʔ
衮 *kluːnʔ
蔉 *kluːnʔ
滚 *kluːnʔ
忩 *sʰloːŋ
鬆 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公 *kloːŋ
蚣 *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁 *qloːŋ
螉 *qloːŋ
蓊 *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡 *qloːŋ
滃 *qloːŋʔ
暡 *qloːŋʔ
勜 *qloːŋʔ
塕 *qloːŋʔ
瓮 *qloːŋs
崧 *sqʰluŋ
菘 *sqʰluŋ
硹 *sqʰluŋ
淞 *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙 *sqʰloŋ
倯 *sqʰloŋ
松 *sɢloŋ
訟 *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌 *sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪 *kljoŋ
彸 *kljoŋ
衳 *kljoŋ
伀 *kljoŋ
妐 *kljoŋ
炂 *kljoŋ
鈆 *kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sɢloŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 松
alt. forms 枩
柗
梥
枀

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chêng/chhêng - vernacular (chêng is more common in Xiamen and Quanzhou);
  • siông - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 松 (松樹)
Mandarin Beijing /suŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /suŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕyŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /səŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /syuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /suŋ²¹/
Xining /suə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /suŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /sũn³¹/
Ürümqi /suŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /soŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /soŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /soŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /soŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /soŋ³¹/
Hefei /səŋ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /suəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /suŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /soŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /soŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /soŋ³³/
Wenzhou /jyɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /soŋ³³/
/t͡soŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ ～毛
/suŋ⁴²/ ～香
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /suŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔŋ³⁵/
/t͡siŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /syŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sœyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /soŋ⁵⁵/
/seŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /toŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 松
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 祥容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /zɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /zioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /zioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /zuawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /zioŋ/
Wang
Li		 /zĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /zi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sóng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 松
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zjowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*sə.ɢoŋ/
English pine (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 松
Reading # 1/1
No. 4115
Phonetic
component		 公
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 松
Old
Chinese		 /*sɢloŋ/

Definitions[edit]

松

  1. pine tree
  2. fir tree
  3. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 松

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“loose; relax”).
(This character, 松, is the simplified form of 鬆.)
Notes:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

松

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds
Kanji in this term
松
まつ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

松 (hiragana まつ, rōmaji matsu)

  1. a pine tree
  2. a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
  3. the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system

Coordinate terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

松 (hiragana まつ, rōmaji Matsu)

  1. A surname​.

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

松 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune-Reischauer song, Yale song)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

松 (tùng, thông, tòng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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