松

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See also: 鬆
松 U+677E, 松
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-677E
← 杽
[U+677D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 板 →
[U+677F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

松 (radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 48932, composition ⿰木公)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 514, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
  • Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1173, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+677E

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慃 *qroːŋʔ
袞 *kluːnʔ
衮 *kluːnʔ
蔉 *kluːnʔ
滚 *kluːnʔ
忩 *sʰloːŋ
鬆 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公 *kloːŋ
蚣 *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁 *qloːŋ
螉 *qloːŋ
蓊 *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡 *qloːŋ
滃 *qloːŋʔ
暡 *qloːŋʔ
勜 *qloːŋʔ
塕 *qloːŋʔ
瓮 *qloːŋs
崧 *sqʰluŋ
菘 *sqʰluŋ
硹 *sqʰluŋ
淞 *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙 *sqʰloŋ
倯 *sqʰloŋ
松 *sɢloŋ
訟 *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌 *sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪 *kljoŋ
彸 *kljoŋ
衳 *kljoŋ
伀 *kljoŋ
妐 *kljoŋ
炂 *kljoŋ
鈆 *kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sɢloŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 松
simp. # 松
alternative forms 枩
柗
梥
枀
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The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is sóng. The sound change to the yinping (陰平／阴平) pronunciation in Mandarin lects is to avoid homophony with the word 㞞／𪨊 (sóng, “semen”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chêng/chhêng - vernacular (chêng is more common in Xiamen and Quanzhou);
  • siông - literary.
Note:
  • sêng5 - vernacular;
  • song5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 松 (松樹)
    Mandarin Beijing /suŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /suŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕyŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /səŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /syuŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /suŋ²¹/
    Xining /suə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /sũn³¹/
    Ürümqi /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /soŋ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /soŋ³¹/
    Hefei /səŋ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /suəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /suŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /sũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /soŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /soŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /jyɔ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /soŋ³³/
    /t͡soŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /sən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ ～毛
    /suŋ⁴²/ ～香
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /suŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
    Nanning /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔŋ³⁵/
    /t͡siŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /syŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sœyŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /soŋ⁵⁵/
    /seŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /toŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 松
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 祥容切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/zɨoŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/zioŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/zioŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zuawŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/zioŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭwoŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯woŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zung4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 松
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sōng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjowng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sə.ɢoŋ/
    English pine (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 松
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4115
    Phonetic
    component         		公
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		松
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sɢloŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    松

    1. pine tree
    2. fir tree
    3. A surname.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 松

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“loose; to loosen; to relax; etc.”).
    (This character, 松, is the simplified form of 鬆.)
    Notes:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    松

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    松
    まつ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    松(まつ) • (matsu) 

    1. a pine tree
    2. a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
    3. the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    松(まつ) • (Matsu) 

    1. A surname.

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    松 (eumhun 소나무 송 (sonamu song))

    1. pine

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    松: Hán Nôm readings: tùng, thông, tòng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Zhuang[edit]

    Numeral[edit]

    松

    1. Sawndip form of song
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