桜
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Translingual
[edit]| Traditional | 櫻 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 桜 |
| Simplified | 樱 |
Han character
[edit]桜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木火女 (DFV), composition ⿰木𰋷)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 526, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14796
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1207, character 5
- Unihan data for U+685C
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Definitions
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 桜 – see 櫻 (“cherry”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 櫻). |
Notes:
|
Note
[edit]This simplification was intended to correspond with the Japanese shinjitai simplification below.
Japanese
[edit]| 桜 | |
| 櫻 |
Kanji
[edit]桜
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 櫻)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: よう (yō)←やう (yau, historical)
- Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)←あう (au, historical)
- Kun: さくら (sakura, 桜, Jōyō)
Compounds
[edit]- 山桜桃 (yusura-ume, “Prunus tomentosa”)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桜 |
| さくら Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 櫻 (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese,[1] first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE.
Originally derived from 咲く (saku, “to bloom, burst open”) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) さくら [sàkúrá] (Heiban – [0])[3] (general)
- (Tokyo) さくら [sáꜜkùrà] (Atamadaka – [1]) (modern given name)
- IPA(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]
Noun
[edit]- a cherry tree, in Japanese contexts particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, yet not limited to it
- short for 桜花 (sakurabana): a cherry blossom
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 1, poem 120; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 73)
- short for 桜木 (sakuragi): cherry wood
- short for 桜皮 (sakuragawa): cherry bark
- short for 桜色 (sakura-iro): cherry blossom pink
- short for 桜襲, 桜重 (sakura-gasane): a layered style of wearing kimono with one layer in the sakura-iro color
- short for 桜肉 (sakura niku): horsemeat, from its pinkish color
- short for 桜湯 (sakurayu): cherry blossom tea
- synonym of 天保一分銀 (Tenpō ichibugin): a rectangular silver coin issued during the Tenpō era (1830–1844), so called for its cherry blossom pattern; worth one-quarter of a 両 (ryō)
- (card games, hanafuda) the suit of cherry blossoms in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of March and the number three
- (Kansai) a class of prostitute in the red-light district
- the middle of the dorsal fin of a fish
- (theater, historical) during the Edo Period, a special box or balcony seat for a hired applauder, someone requested to cheer on the performers
- (slang) a shill, capper, or come-on working for a store, auction, or even a swindle, who is paid to attract customers or marks
- (slang) an ear
- short for 桜炭, 佐倉炭 (Sakura-zumi): a high-quality 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”) made in 佐倉 (Sakura) in Chiba Prefecture, using 桜 as ateji for 佐倉
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サクラ (sakura). As a hanafuda term, it is typically written in kanji, as 桜.
Derived terms
[edit]- 桜麻 (sakura-asa)
- 桜井 (Sakurai)
- 桜烏賊 (sakura ika)
- 桜色 (sakura-iro, “pink; florid”)
- 桜煎り (sakura-iri), 桜煮 (sakura-ni)
- 桜魚 (sakura-uo)
- 桜鯎 (sakura ugui)
- 桜会 (Sakura-e)
- 桜海老, 桜蝦 (sakura-ebi)
- 桜麻 (sakurao)
- 桜縅 (sakura-odoshi)
- 桜鹿の子 (Sakuraga-no-ko)
- 桜会 (Sakura-kai)
- 桜貝 (sakuragai)
- 桜狩, 桜狩り (sakuragari)
- 桜襲, 桜重 (sakura-gasane)
- 桜紙 (sakura-gami)
- 桜粥 (sakura-gayu)
- 桜川 (Sakuragawa)
- 桜木 (sakuragi)
- 桜区 (Sakura-ku)
- 桜草 (sakuragusa)
- 桜御飯 (sakura gohan)
- 桜サイト (sakura saito)
- 桜島 (Sakurajima)
- 桜炭 (Sakura-zumi)
- 桜前線 (sakura zensen, “cherry-blossom front”)
- 桜草 (sakurasō)
- 桜田 (Sakurada)
- 桜鯛 (sakuradai)
- 桜蓼 (sakuratade, “Persicaria conspicua”)
- 桜チーズ (sakura chīzu)
- 桜茶屋 (sakura-jaya)
- 桜月 (sakurazuki)
- 桜尽くし, 桜尽し (sakura-zukushi)
- 桜漬, 桜漬け (sakura-zuke)
- 桜灯籠 (sakura-dōrō)
- 桜時 (sakura-doki)
- 桜鍋 (sakuranabe)
- 桜肉 (sakura niku)
- 桜海苔 (sakura nori)
- 桜灰 (Sakura-bai)
- 桜花 (sakurabana)
- 桜人 (sakura-bito)
- 桜吹雪 (sakura fubuki, “flurry of falling cherry blossoms”)
- 桜乾し (sakuraboshi)
- 桜鱒 (sakuramasu, “cherry salmon”, Oncorhynchus masou)
- 桜間 (Sakurama)
- 桜丸 (Sakuramaru)
- 桜味噌 (sakura miso)
- 桜結び (sakura musubi)
- 桜飯 (sakurameshi)
- 桜餅 (sakuramochi)
- 桜紅葉 (sakura momiji)
- 桜守 (sakuramori)
- 桜湯 (sakurayu)
- さくらレポート (Sakura-repōto)
- 桜桃 (sakuranbo)
- 桜ん坊 (sakuranbō)
- 桜蘭 (sakuraran, “Hoya carnosa”)
- 浅葱桜 (asagi-zakura)
- 徒桜 (adazakura)
- 秋桜 (akizakura)
- 朝桜 (asa-zakura)
- 有明桜 (ariake-zakura)
- 家桜 (ie-zakura)
- 石割り桜 (ishiwari-zakura)
- 糸桜 (itozakura)
- 薄桜 (usuzakura)
- 淡墨-桜 (Usuzumi-zakura)
- 薄花桜 (usuhana-zakura)
- 渦桜 (uzuzakura)
- 雲珠桜 (uzu-zakura)
- 姥桜 (ubazakura)
- 上溝桜, 上不見桜 (uwamizu sakura, “Prunus grayana”)
- 江戸桜 (Edo-zakura)
- 大島桜 (Ōshima-zakura)
- 遅桜 (osozakura)
- 霞桜 (kasumizakura)
- 堅桜 (katazakura)
- 樺桜 (kaniwazakura)
- 樺桜 (kabazakura)
- 河津桜 (Kawazu-zakura)
- 寒桜 (kanzakura)
- 寒緋桜 (kanhi-zakura)
- 黄桜 (kizakura)
- 葛桜 (kuzuzakura)
- 朽ち木桜 (kuchiki-zakura)
- 熊谷桜 (Kumagai-zakura)
- 雲居の桜 (kumoi no sakura)
- 小米桜 (kogome-zakura)
- 小桜 (kozakura)
- 御所桜 (gosho-zakura)
- 零れ桜 (kobore-zakura)
- 金剛桜 (kongō-zakura)
- 西行桜 (Saigyō-zakura)
- 左近の桜 (Sakon no sakura)
- 里桜 (satozakura)
- 塩竈桜 (shiogama-zakura)
- 四季桜 (shiki-zakura)
- 垂り桜 (shidari-zakura, “Prunus pendula”)
- 枝垂れ桜, 垂桜 (shidare-zakura)
- 四手桜 (shide-zakura)
- 芝桜 (shibazakura, “Phlox subulata”)
- 十月桜 (jūgatsu-zakura)
- 秋色桜 (Shūshiki-zakura)
- 白桜 (shirozakura)
- 神代桜 (Jindai-zakura)
- 墨染桜 (sumizome-zakura)
- 千本桜 (Senbonzakura)
- 田打ち桜 (tauchi-zakura)
- 高嶺桜 (takane-zakura)
- 滝桜 (Takizakura)
- 種蒔き桜 (tanemaki-zakura)
- 丁子-桜 (chōjizakura)
- 栂桜 (tsugazakura)
- 同期の桜 (dōki no sakura)
- 遠山桜 (tōyama-zakura)
- 南殿の桜 (Naden no sakura)
- 匂桜 (nioi-zakura)
- 庭桜 (niwazakura, “Prunus glandulosa”)
- 葉桜 (hazakura)
- 彼岸桜 (higan-zakura)
- 緋寒桜 (hikanzakura)
- 緋桜 (hizakura)
- 美女桜 (bijozakura, “Verbena phlogiflora”)
- 一重桜 (hitoe-zakura)
- 雛桜 (hinazakura)
- 総桜 (fusazakura, “Euptelea polyandra”)
- 富士桜 (fujizakura)
- 不断桜 (fudan-zakura)
- 牡丹桜 (botan-zakura)
- 豆桜 (mamezakura, “Prunus incisa”)
- 実桜 (mizakura)
- 峰桜, 嶺桜 (minezakura, “Prunus nipponica”)
- 御階の桜 (Mihashi no sakura)
- 深山桜 (miyama-zakura)
- 八重桜 (yaezakura)
- 山桜 (yamazakura)
- 夜桜 (yozakura)
- 夕桜 (yūzakura)
- 楊貴妃桜 (yōkihi-zakura)
- 吉野桜 (Yoshino-zakura)
- 若桜 (waka-zakura)
Proverbs
[edit]- 桜切る馬鹿梅切らぬ馬鹿 (sakura kiru baka ume kiranu baka, “foolish to prune cherry trees but not to prune plum trees”)
- 明日ありと思う心の仇桜 (asu ari to omō kokoro no ada-zakura)
- 梅と桜 (ume to sakura)
- 五月の桜で葉ばかりさま (satsuki no sakura de ha-bakari-sama)
- 三日見ぬ間の桜 (mikka minu ma no sakura)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]| Hanafuda suits in Japanese · 花札のスート (hanafuda no sūto) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1月 (ichigatsu) | 2月 (nigatsu) | 3月 (sangatsu) | 4月 (shigatsu) | 5月 (gogatsu) | 6月 (rokugatsu) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 松 (matsu) | 梅 (ume) | 桜 (sakura) | 藤 (fuji) 黒豆 (kuromame) |
菖蒲 (ayame, shōbu) 杜若 (kakitsubata) |
牡丹 (botan) |
| 7月 (shichigatsu) | 8月 (hachigatsu) | 9月 (kugatsu) | 10月 (jūgatsu) | 11月 (jūichigatsu) | 12月 (jūnigatsu) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 萩 (hagi) 赤豆 (akamame) |
芒 (susuki) 坊主 (bōzu) |
菊 (kiku) | 紅葉 (momiji) | 柳 (yanagi) 雨 (ame) |
桐 (kiri) |
Proper noun
[edit]
- a female given name
- a placename
- a surname
- a piece of koto music, often entitled Sakura Sakura in English:
- a piece of music played at the start of 平曲 (Heikyoku, retelling of The Tale of the Heike with 琵琶 (biwa, “lute accompaniment”))
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桜 |
| おう Grade: 5 |
| kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 櫻 (kyūjitai) |
/au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 櫻 (MC 'eang).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]- cherry tree
- cherry tree that bears edible fruit
- (US) short for サクラメント／桜府 (Sakuramento, “Sacramento (a city in California, United States)”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987), The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Laurel Rasplica Rodd; Mary Catherine Henkenius (1996), Kokinshū: A Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern (C & T Asian literature series; C & T Asian languages series), reprint edition, Cheng & Tsui, →ISBN, page 288
- ^ Princess Shikishi; Hiroaki Sato (1993), String of Beads: Complete Poems of Princess Shikishi (A publication of the School of Hawaiian, Asian & Pacific studies; SHAPS library of translations), illustrated edition, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 77
- “桜”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Okinawan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Japanese 桜 (sakura).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]桜 (sakura)
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJKV characters simplified differently in Japan and China
- Translingual lemmas
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- zh:Prunus genus plants
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- Chinese terms spelled with 桜
- Chinese simplified forms
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fifth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading やう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading おう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading あう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さくら
- Japanese terms spelled with 桜 read as さくら
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
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- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
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- ja:Card games
- ja:Hanafuda
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- ja:Theater
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- Entries with audio examples
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms spelled with 桜 read as おう
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- American Japanese
- ja:Sacramento
- ja:Cities in California, USA
- ja:Cities in the United States
- ja:Places in California, USA
- ja:Places in the United States
- ja:Prunus genus plants
- ja:Trees
- Okinawan terms borrowed from Japanese
- Okinawan terms derived from Japanese
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Okinawan terms with 1 kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with 桜
- Okinawan single-kanji terms