菊

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菊 U+83CA, 菊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CA
← 菉
[U+83C9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菋 →
[U+83CB]
菊 U+2F9A1, 菊
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A1
← 荓
[U+2F9A0] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 菌 →
[U+2F9A2]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

菊 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿心火木 (TPFD), four-corner 44927, composition ⿱艹匊)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1037, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31153
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3238, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+83CA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 菊
simp. # 菊
alternative forms 鞠
䕮
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 菊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (匊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
菊 *kuɡ
鞠 *kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ
掬 *kluɡ
匊 *kluɡ
鵴 *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
椈 *kuɡ
諊 *kuɡ
踘 *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
趜 *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
蘜 *kuɡ
鞫 *kuɡ
巈 *kuɡ
麴 *kʰuɡ
毱 *ɡuɡ
驧 *ɡuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kuɡ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kiok - literary;
  • kak/kek - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 菊
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕy²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕy²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕy³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
    /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiuʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiu⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕiəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kʰiuk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kok̚⁵/
    Nanning /kuk̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kuk̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiɔk̚³²/
    /kik̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /køyʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ky²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kik̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kiak̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 菊
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 東 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 居六切
    Baxter kjuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kiuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kiuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kuwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kiuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ki̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		guk1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 菊
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7005
    Phonetic
    component         		匊
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		菊
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kuɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    菊

    1. (literary, or in compounds) chrysanthemum
    2. (in compounds) A plant of Asteraceae or with chrysanthemum-like flowers
      雛菊／雏菊  ―  chújú  ―  Bellis perennis
      松葉菊／松叶菊  ―  sōngyèjú  ―  Lampranthus spectabilis
    3. (slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole
    4. a surname: Ju

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (chrysanthemum):

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (菊):
    • → Japanese: 菊(きく) (kiku)
    • → Korean: 국(菊) (guk)
    • → Vietnamese: cúc (菊)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    菊

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    菊
    きく
    Grade: S
    on’yomi
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    菊 (kiku): silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum japonense, one of many chrysanthemum species

    From Middle Chinese 菊 (MC kjuwk).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    菊(きく) • (kiku) 

    1. (botany) a chrysanthemum
      Synonyms: 河原薺蒿 (kawara ohagi), 河原艾 (kawara yomogi)
    2. a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a chrysanthemum flower design
    3. Short for 菊襲 (kikugasane): a type of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “garment-layering color combination”) with white on the front and purple/sappanwood red on the back
    4. a loop in the shape of a chrysanthemum flower
    5. Short for 菊腸 (kikuwata): the intestines of a cod, resembling that of a chrysanthemum flower
    6. (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of September
    7. in a 京阪 (Keihan) vegetable market, a sign representing the number 9
    8. (euphemistic) the anus

    Usage notes[edit]

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キク.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Proper noun[edit]

    菊(きく) • (Kiku) 

    1. a female given name

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 菊 (MC kjuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 국〮 (kwúk) (Yale: kwuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    菊 (eumhun 국화 국 (gukhwa guk))

    1. Hanja form? of 국 (“chrysanthemum”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    菊: Hán Nôm readings: cúc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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