虐

虐 U+8650, 虐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8650 ← 虏 [U+864F] CJK Unified Ideographs 虑 → [U+8651]

Translingual

Han character

虐 (radical 141, 虍+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心尸一 (YPSM), four-corner 2121₁, composition ⿸虍⿻匚一(GHTKV) or ⿸虍⿷匚一(J))

1. cruel, harsh, oppressive
2. abuse

References

• KangXi: page 1073, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32678
• Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2820, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8650

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		虐
variant forms		⿻匚一 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (虐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
虐	*ŋawɢ
瘧	*ŋawɢ
謔	*hŋawɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nüè (nüe⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶
• Min Bei (KCR): ngiŏ̤
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): gio̍k / ge̍k / gia̍k / lio̍k / gio̍h / jio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiag⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: nüè
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄩㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: nüeh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niueh
    • IPA ^(key): /nɥ̯œ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: joek⁶
    • Yale: yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngiŏ̤
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋiɔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /giɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /giɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /giɪk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giak
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /giak̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gioih
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɤʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /gioʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /d͡ʑiɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngia̍k
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋiak̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 虐
Mandarin	Beijing	/nyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/iau⁵³/ /nyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/niɑu⁵³/ /nye⁵³/
	Jinan	/yə²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/yo²¹/
	Xining	/ȵyu²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/nye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/yə¹³/ /miə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/yɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/nio²¹/
	Kunming	/nio³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/niaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/niɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/ȵio¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵio²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ȵio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋiok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jœk̚²/
	Nanning	/nœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/giɔk̚⁵/ /liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋyoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋiɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋiak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/niɔk̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐk̚/▼

Rime
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚約切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiak̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)awk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋawɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nüè
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjak ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)awk/
English	cruel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
No.	9636
Phonetic component	虐
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	虐
Old Chinese	/*ŋawɢ/

Definitions

虐

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 二豎為虐／二竖为虐
• 傲虐
• 兒童受虐／儿童受虐
• 凌虐 (língnüè)
• 凶虐
• 刁虐
• 助桀為虐／助桀为虐
• 助紂為虐／助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
• 受虐 (shòunüè)
• 恣虐
• 施虐
• 旱魃為虐／旱魃为虐

• 暴虐 (bàonüè)
• 暴虐浮躁
• 暴虐無道／暴虐无道
• 欺虐
• 殘虐／残虐 (cánnüè)
• 窮凶極虐／穷凶极虐
• 罔上虐下
• 肆虐 (sìnüè)
• 苛虐
• 虐士
• 虐待 (nüèdài)
• 虐待狂 (nüèdàikuáng)

• 虐政 (nüèzhèng)
• 虐殺／虐杀 (nüèshā)
• 虐民
• 虐疾
• 被虐待狂
• 謔而不虐／谑而不虐
• 豺虎肆虐
• 賊虐／贼虐
• 酷虐
• 陵上虐下
• 陵虐
• 雪虐風饕／雪虐风饕

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Japanese

Kanji

虐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: いじめる (ijimeru, 虐める); しいたげる (shītageru, 虐げる, Jōyō); そこなう (sokonau)

Compounds

• 虐殺 (ぎゃくさつ) (gyakusatsu)

• 虐待 (ぎゃくたい) (gyakutai)

• 残虐 (ざんぎゃく) (zangyaku)

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Korean

Hanja

虐 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

虐 (ngược, ngước)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.