cod
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (UK) IPA(key): /kɒd/
- (US) IPA(key): /kɑd/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒd
- (in General American): Rhymes: -ɑːd
- Homophone: cawed (in accents with the cot-caught merger)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English cod, codde, from Old English cod, codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew-, *gū- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). Cognate with Scots cod, codd, coad, kod (“pillow, cushion”), Low German Koden, Kon (“belly, paunch”), Middle Dutch codde (“scrotum”), Danish kodde (“testicle”), Swedish kudde (“cushion”), Faroese koddi (“pillow”), Icelandic koddi (“pillow”).
Noun[edit]
cod (plural cods)
- (obsolete) A small bag or pouch.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)
- (Britain, obsolete) A husk or integument; a pod.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Luke XV:
- And he wolde fayne have filled his bely with the coddes, that the swyne ate: and noo man gave hym.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Mortimer to this entry?)
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Luke XV:
- (now rare) The scrotum (also in plural).
- 1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, III.4:
- that which we call castoreum […] are not the same to be termed testicles or stones; for these cods or follicles are found in both sexes, though somewhat more protuberant in the male.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Dunglison to this entry?)
- (obsolete or Britain dialectal, Scotland) A pillow or cushion.
- 1915 [a.1642], Yorkshire Archæological Society, John Lister, editor, West Riding Sessions Records, fol. 148:
- Elizabeth Pitt, wife of Thomas Pitt of Haldon, clothier, Elizabeth Clerke of the same, spinster, and Jane Topliffe, wife of James Topliffe of the same, laborer, for stealing there on 1st Nov., 1640, a petticoat (parvacidam) value 4s., two children's coats value 2s., a feather bed cod value 2s., the property of Richard Bradley.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English cod, codde, of uncertain origin:
- Oldest English form cotfich as a surname in the 13th century; for more see cot (“chamber, cottage”).
- Same as Etymology 1, above; a bag or pouch, related to its bloated shape.
- From Latin gadus, from Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “fish”) with a possible pre-Greek or Semitic origin; for more see Atargatis, Cetus, and κῆτος (kêtos).
Noun[edit]
cod (usually uncountable, plural cod or cods)
- The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
- The sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, as inclusive of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).
- The sea fish of the family Gadidae which are sold as "cod", as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and whiting (usually Merlangius merlangus).
- (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other unrelated fish which are similarly important to regional fisheries, as the hapuku and cultus cod.
- (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other unrelated fish which resemble the Atlantic cod, as the rock cod (Lotella rhacina) and blue cod (Parapercis colias).
Usage notes[edit]
The term Atlantic cod is now used where it is desired to distinguish the other members of Gadus or the Gadidae. Similar qualifiers are used to distinguish the other members, as well as the unrelated fish in the term's other senses. The plural form cod has become more common than the form cods.
Synonyms[edit]
- (Atlantic cod): milwell (many variants), Scotch cod, common cod
- (other Gadus spp., esp. Pacific cod): gray cod, grey cod, grayfish, greyfish; (Greenland cod) ogac
- (unrelated fish marketed as cod): haddock, whiting
- (similarly important local species): hapuku
- (unrelated similar species): rock cod, rockcod, beardie (Lotella rhacina); cod icefish (the Nototheniidae); marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii); emerald rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii); honeycomb rockcod, dwarf spotted rockcod (Epinephelus merra), Maori cod, Magellanic rockcod, blue notothenia, orange throat notothen (Paranotothenia magellanica), brown spotted reef cod, brownspotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma), red rock cod, vermilion rockcod (Scorpaena papillosa); red snapper (Lutjanus spp.); vermilion seaperch, vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus); grouper (the Serranidae); thornyhead (Sebastidae)
Hypernyms[edit]
Hyponyms[edit]
- (young): codling
- (small, obsolete): morhwell
- (consumed codlings): scrod
- (air-dried, unsalted): stockfish
- (freshly-salted): greenfish, green fish, green cod, white cod
- (dried & salted): clipfish, salt cod, dry cod, ling, haberdine
- (cured in lye): lutefisk
- (pancakes): bacalaito
Derived terms[edit]
- Antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni)
- Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
- Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod)
- bank cod
- barramundi cod (Cromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus altivellis)
- bastard cod
- bay cod
- black cod
- black-arse cod
- Bloomfield River cod
- blue cod Parapercis colias
- bluenose cod
- breaksea cod
- brown cod
- brown spotted reef cod
- buffalo cod (Ophiodon elongatus)
- Cape Cod
- chiseltooth grenadier cod
- clam cod
- Clarence River cod
- coal cod
- cod banger, cod-banger
- codbank, cod-bank
- cod-chest
- cod chowder, cod-chowder
- codfish, cod-fish
- codfish aristocracy, cod-fish aristocracy
- codfisher, cod-fisher
- codfisherman, cod-fisherman
- cod fishery, cod-fishery
- cod fishing, cod-fishing
- cod hook, cod-hook
- cod icefish
- Cod League
- codlet
- codline, cod line, cod-line
- codling
- cod liver oil
- cod-man
- codmop, cod-mop
- cod oil, cod-oil
- cod-pitchings
- codsmack, cod-smack
- codsound, cod-sound
- Cod Wars
- cod worm (Lernaeocera branchialis)
- common cod (Gadus morhua)
- coral cod
- cultus cod, cultus-cod (Ophiodon elongatus)
- cured cod
- deep-water cod
- dry cod
- dwarf spotted rockcod
- East Siberian cod
- eastern cod
- Eastern freshwater cod
- eel cod
- emerald rockcod
- Eucla cod
- George's cod
- gray cod, graycod
- green cod
- Greenland cod (Gadus ogac)
- grenadier cod
- grey cod, greycod
- herring cod
- honeycomb rockcod
- Hook and Cod Wars
- inshore cod
- long-finned cod
- ling cod, lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus)
- lockee cod, lockee-cod
- Magellanic rockcod
- Maori cod
- marbled rockcod
- Mary River cod
- morid cod
- Murray cod
- New Zealand cod Parapercis colias
- native cod
- night cod
- Pacific cod
- pelagic cod
- pine-tree cod
- polar cod
- poor cod (Trisopterus minutus)
- potato cod
- red cod
- red rock cod
- reef cod
- Richmond River cod
- rock cod, rockcod (Lotella rhacina)
- Sacred Cod
- saffron cod
- salt cod
- Scotch cod
- shoal-water cod
- shore cod
- sleepy cod
- small-headed cod
- smallscaled cod
- soft cod (Lotella rhacina)
- tadpole cod
- tiger cod
- tomcod (Microgadus tomcod)
- tommycod (Microgadus tomcod)
- toothed cod
- trout cod
- true cod (Gadus spp.)
- unicorn cod, unicorn-cod (Bregmaceros mcclellandi)
- vermilion rockcod (Sebastes miniatus)
- white cod (Gadus morhua)
- winter cod (Microgadus tomcod)
- worm cod
Translations[edit]
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Etymology 3[edit]
Origin unknown. Attested in reference to a person (though not always a stupid or foolish person) from the end of the 17th century. The Oxford English Dictionary (1891) notes that a suggested link to codger is unlikely, as cod appears much earlier.
Noun[edit]
cod (plural cods)
- A joke or an imitation.
- I assume it all could just be a cod.
- A stupid or foolish person.
- He's making a right cod of himself.
Adjective[edit]
cod (comparative more cod, superlative most cod)
- Having the character of imitation; jocular. (now usually attributive, forming mostly compound adjectives).
- “Illegitimi non carborundum” is a well-known example of cod Latin.
- Dalton categorises Muse's latest composition as “cod-classical bombast”.
- 2006 July, Kim Newman, “Ultraviolet”, in Sight and Sound, volume 16, page 78:
- […] the director's vision has devolved from cod Orwell to riffing off bad girl art comic books and generally feeble posing.
- 2021 February 5, Nicholas Barber, “The Great Dictator: The film that dared to laugh at Hitler”, in BBC[1]:
- Hynkel's anti-Semitic rants (consisting of cod-German punctuated by shouts of "Juden") are terrifying, but there is no conviction behind them, just a desperate need to distract the Tomainians from his economic failures.
- (Polari) Bad.
- 1968 March 17, Kenneth Horne, Bona Rags (Round the Horne), season 4, spoken by Julian and Sandy (Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams):
- Sandy: Right, right, well I'll just open the wardrobe. Oh, here, look—his wardrobe. Ha!
Julian: Ha! Oh what a naff lot!
Sandy: It is a bit cod isn't it.
- 1997, Gardiner, James, Who's a Pretty Boy Then?, page 137:
- Will you take a varder at the cartz on the feely-omi in the naf strides: the one with the bona blue ogles polarying the omi-palone with a vogue on and a cod sheitel.
- 2016 September 18, Cotton, Antony, Twitter[2]:
- Hahahahaha! @AnnaJaneCasey Vada the homi ajax, with the naff riah and the cod lally drags. Ooooo she's camp...
Synonyms[edit]
- (imitation): faux, mock
- (bad): See Thesaurus:bad
Antonyms[edit]
- (bad): bona (Polari)
- (bad): See Thesaurus:bad
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Verb[edit]
cod (third-person singular simple present cods, present participle codding, simple past and past participle codded)
- (slang, transitive, dialectal) To attempt to deceive or confuse.
See also[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew-, *gū- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cod (plural coddes)
- A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds.
- A scrotum, ballsack; a case for the testicles.
- A pillow or cushion; a piece of cushioning.
- (rare) A sack or pouch; a case for items.
- (rare) The gullet, windpipe or esophagus.
- (rare) The chest or stomach region.
- (rare) A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “cod, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cod (plural coddes)
Descendants[edit]
- English: cod
References[edit]
- “cod, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Scots[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English cod, from Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô. The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cod (plural cods)
Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cod m (plural codau)
Derived terms[edit]
- amgodio (“to encode”)
- cod agored (“open source”)
- cod bar (“barcode”)
- cod ffynhonnell (“source code”)
- cod genynnol (“genetic code”)
- cod gwisg (“dress code”)
- Cod Penyd (“Penal Code”)
- cod post (“postcode”)
- cod lliwiau (“colour code”)
- cod moesol (“moral code”)
- cod nodau (“character code”)
- cod ymarfer (“code of practice”)
- cod ymddygiad (“code of conduct”)
- codio (“to code”)
- codydd (“coder”)
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
cod | god | nghod | chod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References[edit]
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “cod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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- en:Bags
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