pod

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See also: POD, pod-, pód, po'd, PO'd, pôd, -pod, -pód, and под

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English *pod ("seed-pod, husk, shell, outer covering"; attested in pod-ware (“legume seed; seed grain”)), likely from Old English pād (“an outer garment, covering, coat, cloak”), from Proto-West Germanic *paidu, from Proto-Germanic *paidō (“coat, smock, shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *baiteh₂- (“woolen clothes”). Cognate with Old Saxon pēda (“skirt”), German dialectal Pfeid, Pfeit (“shirt”), Gothic 𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 (paida, “mantle, skirt”), Albanian petk (“gown, garment, dress, suit”), Ancient Greek βαίτη (baítē, “goat-skin, fur-coat, tent”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pod (plural pods)

  1. (botany) A seed case for legumes (e.g. peas, beans, peppers); a seedpod.
    Synonyms: capsule, case, container, hull, husk, shell, seedpod, vessel
  2. A small vehicle, especially used in emergency situations.
  3. (obsolete, UK, dialect) A bag; a pouch.
    • 1557 February 13, Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie., London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: Reprinted for Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC:
      cart, that is clouted and shod,
      cart ladder and wimble, with perser and pod
  4. (collective, zoology) A group of whales, dolphins, seals, porpoises or hippopotami.
    Synonym: gam
  5. A small section of a larger office, compartmentalised for a specific purpose.
  6. A subsection of a prison, containing a number of inmates.
  7. A nicotine cartridge.
  8. A lie-flat business or first class seat.
  9. A tapered, cylindrical body of ore or minerals.
  10. (informal, Internet) Clipping of podcast.

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

Verb[edit]

pod (third-person singular simple present pods, present participle podding, simple past and past participle podded)

  1. (intransitive) To bear or produce pods
    • 1849, Herman Melville, Mardi, and a Voyage Thither:
      Wherefore it was, that many ignorant Mardians, who had not pushed their investigations into the science of physiology, sagely divined, that the Tapparians must have podded into life like peas, instead of being otherwise indebted for their existence.
    • 1939, Leonard Alfred George Strong, The Open Sky, page 64:
      David looked seawards along the river. He stared, rubbed his eyes, and stared again. One of the rocks seemed to have podded into something swollen, black and smooth.
    • 2012, Deborah Moggach, You Must Be Sisters, →ISBN, page 219:
      In the herbaceous border many flowers had seeded and podded; spears of them, brown, now rose up behind the mauve blur of the michaelmas daisies.
  2. (transitive) To remove peas from their case.
  3. (transitive, intransitive) To put into a pod or to enter a pod.
    • 1955, Military Review - Volume 35, Issue 9, page 81:
      Thus the torpedoes will have to be stored internally or be podded into streamline containers.
    • 1957, Aviation Week - Volume 66, page 23:
      Lycoming is working on a twin T53 or T55 turboprop installation whereby two engines would be podded together to drive a single propeller.
    • 2004, Yefim Gordon & Dmitriy Komissarov, Antonov An-12 Cub, page 90:
      One, called An- 12BZ-2, was a single-point hose-and- drogue tanker similar to the RAF's Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.1K, except that the hose drum unit was podded, not built in.
    • 2006, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society - Volume 59, page 130:
      This was to be achieved by increasing the number of Lotarev D-18T engines to 8 by podding the inboard pylons on each side to take two engines (see Fig. 7).
    • 2011, Roger Cliff, Chad J. R. Ohlandt, & David Yang, Ready for Takeoff: China's Advancing Aerospace Industry, →ISBN:
      In June 2009, the company opened another facility in Tianjin to provide nacelle and thrust-reverser MRO services and to support engine buildup and podding work for the new Airbus A320 assembly line in the same city.
    • 2012, Gabriel Blue Melchizedek, The Alienvirus, →ISBN:
      Then i was podded by a buddie of mine, working the burrough next to mine, all humans had a blue rabbit glow around them and seemed to sleep walk out of the burrough out in to a field while a sound like; ta-ta-dah-taaa, soundeḍ ̣̪continously [sic], where they waited while looking up in the sky.
  4. (intransitive) To swell or fill.

Translations[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Cebuano[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: pod

Adverb[edit]

pod

  1. (focus) also; too
  2. (after a negative) either

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech pod.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

pod

  1. under (direction, + accusative case)
    Potřebuju se dostat pod ten most. ― I need to get under that bridge.
  2. below, under (location, + instrumental case)
    Kočka leží pod stolem. ― The cat is under the table.
    Synonym: pode
    Antonym: nad

Further reading[edit]

  • pod in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • pod in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Preposition[edit]

pod

  1. Superseded spelling of pód.

Old Czech[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Preposition[edit]

pod

  1. Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
  2. Denotes movement up, upward [+accusative]
  3. Denotes movement down, below, downward [+opl accusative]
  4. Denotes duration to, until; by [+accusative]
  5. Denotes amount under; less than [+accusative]
  6. Denotes inferiority sub, less than [+accusative]
  7. Denotes subordination to under [+accusative]
  8. according to [+accusative]
  9. as a result of [+accusative] or [+zlw- instrumental]
  10. for, to (an end, an aim, a purpose) [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
  11. Denotes location near; under, underneath [+instrumental]
  12. Denotes relation of items worn under; in, dressed in [+instrumental]
  13. Denotes subordination under [+instrumental]
  14. Denotes duration during; in [+instrumental]
  15. Denotes elapsing of time in; after [+instrumental]
  16. Denotes period of someone's rule during [+instrumental]
  17. Denotes amount up to [+instrumental]
  18. Denotes inferiority sub, less than [+instrumental]
  19. Creates an adverb from a noun. [+instrumental]
  20. Denotes form or shape under; in the form of [+instrumental]
  21. Denotes instrumentality through, with, by means of [+instrumental]
  22. Used with documents, contracts, etc. on the basis of [+instrumental]
  23. according to [+instrumental]
  24. Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental]
  25. Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
  26. despite, in spite of [+instrumental]

Descendants[edit]

  • Czech: pod

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Preposition[edit]

pod

  1. Denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
  2. Denotes near location; near; under, at [+instrumental]
  3. Denotes comitative location; with [+instrumental]
  4. Denotes time when something took place; during [+instrumental]
  5. Denotes sequence in time; after [+instrumental]
    Synonym: po
  6. Used with documents, contracts, etc. on the basis of; as a result of [+instrumental]
  7. despite, against [+instrumental]
  8. Denotes form or shape under; in the form of [+instrumental]
  9. Denotes subordination under [+instrumental]
  10. Denotes period of someone's rule during [+instrumental]
  11. Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental] or [+accusative]
  12. Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental] or [+accusative]
  13. Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
  14. Denotes movement; to; toward [+accusative]
  15. Denotes preceding time just before [+accusative]
  16. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. Denotes following time just after [+accusative]
  17. Denotes source of a given right or authority under [+accusative]
  18. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • Fifteenth century, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku‎[1], Jerzy Woronczak, published 1956, page 112r:
      Ibant apostoli gaudentes a conspectu, pod oblicze (pro od oblicza?), concilli (Act 5, 41)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

pod

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish pod. First attested in the 14th century.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

pod

  1. Denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
    Synonyms: popod, poniżej
    Antonyms: nad, ponad
    pod ziemią ― underground
  2. Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
    Antonyms: na, nad
  3. Denotes movement against; against [+accusative]
    pod wiatr ― against the wind
    Nie płyń pod prąd! ― Don't swim against the current!
    Antonym: z
  4. Denotes near location; near [+instrumental]
    Synonyms: popod, blisko, nad, niedaleko, nieopodal, obok, opodal, przy, u stóp, w pobliżu
    Mieszkała pod Warszawą ― She lived near Warsaw.
  5. Denotes movement to a near location; toward [+accusative]
    Synonyms: popod, nad
    Antonym: spod
  6. Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental]
  7. Denotes motion towards protection, guidance, or watching to under [+accusative]
    Antonym: spod
  8. Denotes cause under; under [+instrumental]
    pod przymusem ― under duress
    pod wpływem ― under the infuence of
  9. Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
  10. Denotes name of object; under [+instrumental]
    pod tytułem ― under the title of
  11. Denotes location, particularly of addresses; at [+instrumental]
  12. Denotes movement, particularly of addresses; to [+accusative]
  13. Denotes instrumentality or cause; because of, with [+instrumental]
    Synonym: spod
    pod piórem ― by (an author)
  14. Denotes recepient; to, aimed at [+accusative]
  15. (colloquial) Denotes amount less than; under [+accusative]
  16. (colloquial) Denotes object of eating immediately after drinking. [+accusative]
  17. (colloquial) Denotes cause of celebration. [+accusative]
    Synonym: z okazji

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pod is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 157 times in scientific texts, 153 times in news, 109 times in essays, 165 times in fiction, and 84 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 70th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “pod, pode”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “pod”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 381

Further reading[edit]

  • pod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • pod in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • “pod, pode”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
  • Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]‎[2], (please provide a date or year)
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 330

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic подъ (podŭ), from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pod n (plural poduri)

  1. bridge
  2. attic
  3. (dated) street paved with wood

Declension[edit]

Declension of pod
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) pod podul (niște) poduri podurile
genitive/dative (unui) pod podului (unor) poduri podurilor
vocative podule podurilor

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pȍd m (Cyrillic spelling по̏д)

  1. floor
    pasti na pod ― to fall to the floor
  2. ground
Declension[edit]
Declension of pod
singular plural
nominative pȍd pòdovi
genitive pòda pòdōvā
dative pòdu pòdovima
accusative pȍd pòdove
vocative pȍde pòdovi
locative pòdu pòdovima
instrumental pòdom pòdovima

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms[edit]

  • poda (enclitic pronominal form)

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

pȍd (Cyrillic spelling по̏д)

  1. (+ accusative case) under, beneath (with change of position, answering the question kùda)
    S(j)ela je pod stablo. ― She sat down under the tree.
    Pao je pod vlak. ― He fell under the train.
    Antonyms: ȉznad, nȁd
  2. (+ instrumental case) under, beneath (stationary, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)
    Ona s(j)edi pod stablom. ― She is sitting under the tree.
    pod suncem ― under the sun
    Antonyms: ȉznad, nȁd
  3. (+ instrumental case) under, beneath (being in a particular condition)
    biti pod sumnjom ― to be under suspicion
    biti pod pritiskom ― to be under pressure
    biti pod dojmom ― to be under impression
    pod oružjem ― under arms
    biti pod nadzorom ― to be under supervision/surveillance
    biti pod nečijom zaštitom ― to be under someone's protection
    biti pod naglaskom ― to be accented (stressed), to be under the accent (stress)
    pisati pod pseudonimom ― to write under the pen name, pseudonymously
    biti pod zakletvom ― to be under oath
  4. (+ accusative case) near, toward, in (temporal, with nouns denoting a final temporal segment)
    pod jesen ― toward fall
    pod kraj ― near the end
    pod starost ― in one's old age
  5. (+ instrumental case) during (temporal)
    pod odmorom ― during the (school) break
    pod pauzom ― during the (job) break
    pod satom ― during the (school) lesson
    pod vladavinom ― during the reign of
  6. (+ accusative case) as, instead of, in lieu of
    pokušati prodati mrkvu pod rotkvu ― to try selling carrot as radish
  7. miscellaneous idiomatic meanings
    To je pod moranje. ― That is obligatory.
    baciti pod noge ― to reject, throw away
    nebu pod oblake ― far away
    pod uv(j)etom/uslovom da ― under the condition of, on the condition that
    pod izgovorom ― under the pretext
    pod Zagrebom ― near Zagreb
    pod Velebitom ― at the foot of Velebit, on the foothills of Velebit
    pod korovom ― covered/overgrown with weed
    ništa pod (milim) bogom ― absolutely nothing
    pod kontrolom (with genitive) ― under the control (of)
    pod tim(e) mislim ― by that I mean
    biti pod antibioticima ― to be on antibiotics
    pod pravim kutom ― perpendicular

Silesian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɔt/
  • Syllabification: pod

Preposition[edit]

pod

  1. Denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
  2. Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
  3. Denotes near location; near; under, at [+instrumental]
  4. Denotes movement; to; toward [+accusative]
  5. Denotes name of object; under [+instrumental]
    pod tytułym ― under the title of
  6. Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]

Further reading[edit]

  • pod in dykcjonorz.eu
  • pod in silling.org

Slovak[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

pod + instrumental

  1. below
    Synonym: podo
    Antonym: nad

Further reading[edit]

  • pod in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pȍd m inan

  1. floor (lower part of a room)
    Synonym: tla

Inflection[edit]

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. pòd
gen. sing. pôda
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		pòd pôda pôdi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		pôda pôdov pôdov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		pôdu pôdoma pôdom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		pòd pôda pôde
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		pôdu pôdih pôdih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		pôdom pôdoma pôdi

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “pod”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Volapük[edit]

Noun[edit]

pod (nominative plural pods)

  1. apple

Declension[edit]

declension of pod
singular plural
nominative pod pods
genitive poda podas
dative pode podes
accusative podi podis
vocative 1 o pod! o pods!
predicative 2 podu podus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only
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