hull

See also: Hull and hüll

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hʌl/
• Rhymes: -ʌl

Etymology 1

From Middle English hul (“seed covering”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hulus (compare German Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).

Noun

hull (plural hulls)

1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed

Synonyms

• (outer covering of fruit or seed): husk, shell

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ahull
• hull-down
• monohull

• multihull
• tank hull
• twinhull

Translations

outer covering of a fruit or seed

• Dutch: dop (nl) m, f
• Estonian: kõder, seemnekest
• French: coque (fr) f, cosse (fr) f
• Greek: φλοιός (el) m (floiós), φλούδα (el) f (floúda)
• Manx: bleayst f
• Maori: pāpapa
• Navajo: atsʼaʼ

• Portuguese: casca (pt) f
• Romanian: coajă (ro) f, piele (ro) f, înveliș (ro) n, păstaie (ro) f (pod)
• Russian: шелуха́ (ru) f (šeluxá), скорлупа́ (ru) f (skorlupá)
• Scottish Gaelic: cochall m
• Spanish: hollejo (es) m, vaina (es) f
• Swedish: balja (sv) c, skida (sv) c, skal (sv) c

Verb

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.

Synonyms

• (to remove hull of a fruit or seed): peel, husk, shell, shuck

Translations

to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel

• Dutch: doppen (nl)
• French: écosser (fr), décortiquer (fr)
• Greek: ξεφλουδίζω (el) (xefloudízo), αποφλοιώνω (el) (apofloióno)
• Maori: kōwhā

• Portuguese: descascar (pt)
• Russian: очища́ть (ru) (očiščátʹ) (от шелухи́), лущи́ть (ru) impf (luščítʹ)
• Swedish: skala (sv)

Etymology 2

Origin uncertain; perhaps the same word as Etymology 1, above.

Noun

hull (plural hulls)

1. The body or frame of a vessel such as a ship or plane
   • John Dryden

     Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light.

2. (mathematics) The smallest set, geometric shape, or algebraic entity having a particular property (such as convexity) that contains a specified set, shape, or algebraic entity. Thus, for example, the orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.

   holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull

Translations

frame of a ship or plane

• Catalan: buc (ca) m
• Dutch: casco (nl) n, scheepsromp m
• Finnish: runko (fi)
• French: coque (fr) f
• German: Rumpf (de) m
• Greek: σκαρί (el) n (skarí)
• Ido: kareno (io)
• Italian: scafo (it) m
• Japanese: 船体 (sentai)
• Maori: tīwai, pāpāwai (outer surface), tahiwi, kōhiwi

• Navajo: atsʼaʼ
• Norman: côsse f
• Norwegian: skrog (no) n
• Portuguese: casco (pt) m
• Romanian: cocă (ro) f, carenă (ro) f
• Russian: ко́рпус (ru) m (kórpus)
• Scottish Gaelic: slige f, plaosg m, cochall m
• Serbo-Croatian: trup (sh) m
• Spanish: casco (es) m
• Swedish: skrov (sv)

Verb

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
   • 1603, John Florio, transl.; Michel de Montaigne, Essayes, London: Edward Blount, OCLC 946730821:
     , II.1:

     We goe not, but we are carried: as things that flote, now gliding gently, now hulling violently, according as the water is, either stormy or calme.

   • c. 1612, William Shakespeare, Henry VIII, Act II, Scene 4,^[1]

     […] Thus hulling in

     The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer

     Toward this remedy, whereupon we are

     Now present here together:

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition edited by Samuel Johnson, London: J. Payne, 1756, Part I, p. 8,^[2]

     In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.

2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
   • 1774, George Shelvocke, The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World in David Henry (ed.), An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators, London: F. Newbery, Volume 2, p. 163,^[3]

     During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]

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Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognate to Finnish hullu and Ingrian hullu.

Adjective

hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu)

1. crazy, mad

Declension

Declension of hull (type riik)

	singular	plural
nominative	hull	hullud
genitive	hullu	hullude
partitive	hullu	hulle / hullusid
illative	hullu / hullusse	hulludesse
inessive	hullus	hulludes
elative	hullust	hulludest
allative	hullule	hulludele
adessive	hullul	hulludel
ablative	hullult	hulludelt
translative	hulluks	hulludeks
terminative	hulluni	hulludeni
essive	hulluna	hulludena
abessive	hulluta	hulludeta
comitative	hulluga	hulludega

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Hungarian

Alternative forms

• hullik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhulː]

Verb

hull

1. (intransitive) to fall

   Hull a hó. ― It's snowing. (Literally: The snow is falling.)

   térdre hull ― to fall on one's knees

2. (of tears) to flow
3. (of hair) to fall out
4. (intransitive) to die

   Hullanak, mint a legyek. ― They are dying off like flies.

Conjugation

conjugation of hull

Infinitive			hullni
Past participle			hullt
Present participle			hulló
Future participle			-
Adverbial participle			hullva
Potential			hullhat
			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd person sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd person pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indefinite	hullok	hullsz	hull	hullunk	hulltok	hullnak
		Definite	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
	Past	Indefinite	hulltam	hulltál	hullt	hulltunk	hulltatok	hulltak
		Definite	-
Conditional mood	Present	Indefinite	hullnék	hullnál	hullna	hullnánk	hullnátok	hullnának
		Definite	-
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indefinite	hulljak	hullj or hulljál	hulljon	hulljunk	hulljatok	hulljanak
		Definite	-
Conjugated infinitive			hullnom	hullnod	hullnia	hullnunk	hullnotok	hullniuk

or

conjugation of hull

Infinitive			hullani
Past participle			hullott
Present participle			hulló
Future participle			-
Adverbial participle			hullva
Potential			hullhat
			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd person sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd person pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indefinite	hullok	hullasz	hull	hullunk	hullotok	hullanak
		Definite	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
	Past	Indefinite	hullottam	hullottál	hullott	hullottunk	hullottatok	hullottak
		Definite	-
Conditional mood	Present	Indefinite	hullanék	hullanál	hullana	hullanánk	hullanátok	hullanának
		Definite	-
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indefinite	hulljak	hullj or hulljál	hulljon	hulljunk	hulljatok	hulljanak
		Definite	-
Conjugated infinitive			hullanom	hullanod	hullania	hullanunk	hullanotok	hullaniuk

Derived terms

• hulla
• hulladék
• hullat

(With verbal prefixes):

• elhull
• kihull
• lehull

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hól

Alternative forms

• hol

Noun

hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene)

1. a hole

Derived terms

• hullemaskin
• knapphull
• kulehull
• nøkkelhull

Etymology 2

Verb

hull

1. imperative of hulle

See also

• hòl (Nynorsk)

References

• “hull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.