elkopik

Hungarian

Etymology

From el- (perfective prefix) +‎ kopik.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛlkopik]
• Hyphenation: el‧ko‧pik
• Rhymes: -ik

Verb

elkopik

1. (intransitive, of an object) to wear out (to become threadbare, to get thin from wear)
2. (intransitive, of the human body) to wear out (to deteriorate over time due to continued use, exposure, or strain)
3. (intransitive, figurative) to go stale (to lose its glamour)

Usage notes

This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

Conjugation

conjugation of elkopik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elkopok	elkopsz	elkopik	elkopunk	elkoptok	elkopnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	elkoptam	elkoptál	elkopott	elkoptunk	elkoptatok	elkoptak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. el fog kopni.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	elkopék or elkopám	elkopál	elkopa or elkopék	elkopánk	elkopátok	elkopának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. elkopik vala, elkopott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	elkopandok (or elkopandom)	elkopandasz (or elkopandol)	elkopand (or elkopandik*)	elkopandunk	elkopandotok	elkopandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elkopnék (or elkopnám)	elkopnál	elkopna (or elkopnék*)	elkopnánk	elkopnátok	elkopnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elkopott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elkopjak	elkopj or elkopjál	elkopjon or elkopjék	elkopjunk	elkopjatok	elkopjanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elkopott légyen
Infinitive	elkopni		elkopnom	elkopnod	elkopnia	elkopnunk	elkopnotok	elkopniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	elkopás		elkopó	elkopott	―	elkopva (elkopván)		elkoptat
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem kopik el or el is kopik.

potential conjugation of elkopik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elkophatok	elkophatsz (or elkophatol)	elkophat (or elkophatik)	elkophatunk	elkophattok	elkophatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	elkophattam	elkophattál	elkophatott	elkophattunk	elkophattatok	elkophattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	elkophaték or elkophatám	elkophatál	elkophata or elkophaték	elkophatánk	elkophatátok	elkophatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. elkophat vala, elkophatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	elkophatandok or elkopandhatok (or elkophatandom or elkopandhatom)	elkophatandasz or elkopandhatsz (or elkophatandol or elkopandhatol)	elkophatand or elkopandhat (or elkophatandik or elkopandhatik*)	elkophatandunk or elkopandhatunk	elkophatandotok or elkopandhattok	elkophatandanak or elkopandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elkophatnék (or elkophatnám)	elkophatnál	elkophatna (or elkophatnék*)	elkophatnánk	elkophatnátok	elkophatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elkophatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elkophassak (or elkophassam)	elkophass or elkophassál	elkophasson (or elkophassék)	elkophassunk	elkophassatok	elkophassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elkophatott légyen
Inf.	(elkophatni)		(elkophatnom)	(elkophatnod)	(elkophatnia)	(elkophatnunk)	(elkophatnotok)	(elkophatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(elkophatva / elkophatván)
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem kophat el or el is kophat.

Further reading

• elkopik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• elkopik in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)