múlik
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Hungarian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *mule-. Cognates include Moksha and Erzya молемс (moľems, “to go”), Northern Sami mollat.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
múlik
- (intransitive, of time) to pass, to go by, to elapse
- 1906, Gyula Krúdy, chapter 6, in A podolini kísértet[1]:
- A podolini Riminiszky-házban egyhangúan múltak a napok. A házigazda meggyógyult, és a medvebőrt többé senki sem terítette a sarokba, hogy Ancsurka macskájával oda letelepedjen.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (intransitive, copulative, of age) to be past
- Pista harmincéves múlt. ― Steve is past thirty.
- (intransitive) to become less and less prominent
- Synonym: elül
- (intransitive, of pain) to subside, to stop gradually
- Synonyms: csökken, csillapodik, enyhül, szűnik
- (intransitive) to depend on, to be up to someone, to be a question/matter of something (-n/-on/-en/-ön)
Usage notes[edit]
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
- This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of múlik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | múlok | múlsz | múlik | múlunk | múltok | múlnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | múltam | múltál | múlt or múlott |
múltunk | múltatok | múltak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. múlni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | múlék | múlál | múla | múlánk | múlátok | múlának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. múlik vala, múlt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | múlandok | múlandasz | múland | múlandunk | múlandotok | múlandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | múlnék | múlnál | múlna | múlnánk | múlnátok | múlnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. múlt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | múljak | múlj or múljál |
múljon | múljunk | múljatok | múljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. múlt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | múlni | múlnom | múlnod | múlnia | múlnunk | múlnotok | múlniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| múlás | múló | múlt | múlandó | múlva (múlván) | mulaszt | ||||
potential conjugation of múlik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | múlhatok | múlhatsz | múlhat | múlhatunk | múlhattok | múlhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | múlhattam | múlhattál | múlhatott | múlhattunk | múlhattatok | múlhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | múlhaték | múlhatál | múlhata | múlhatánk | múlhatátok | múlhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. múlhat vala, múlhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | múlhatandok or múlandhatok |
múlhatandasz or múlandhatsz |
múlhatand or múlandhat |
múlhatandunk or múlandhatunk |
múlhatandotok or múlandhattok |
múlhatandanak or múlandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | múlhatnék | múlhatnál | múlhatna | múlhatnánk | múlhatnátok | múlhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. múlhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | múlhassak | múlhass or múlhassál |
múlhasson | múlhassunk | múlhassatok | múlhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. múlhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (múlhatni) | (múlhatnom) | (múlhatnod) | (múlhatnia) | (múlhatnunk) | (múlhatnotok) | (múlhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (múlhatva / múlhatván) | ||||
The alternative form múlott instead of múlt is only used in the sense "to depend", or less often "to go by". The short form múlt can be used in all senses. Examples: Nem rajtam múlott/múlt. ― It didn't depend on me. Az idő egyre csak múlt, és még mindig nem jött válasz. ― Time was going by fast, and there was still no answer. Próbáltam elaludni, de nem múlt a fájdalom. ― I tried to go to sleep, but the pain wouldn't subside.
Derived terms[edit]
Compound words
With verbal prefixes
Expressions
Further reading[edit]
- múlik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Categories:
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/uːlik
- Rhymes:Hungarian/uːlik/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian copulative verbs
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian verbs taking -n/-on/-en/-ön