tör
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "tor"
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tör
- (transitive) to break
- Middle-voice counterpart: törik
- (intransitive) to strive for something (-ra/-re)
- 1832 (original), 1942 (translation), Goethe, Faust, translation by Zoltán Jékely:
- Kicsoda vagy tehát? / Az erő része, mely / örökké rosszra tör, s örökké jót mível.
- Who art thou, then? / Part of that Power, not understood, / Which always wills the Bad, and always works the Good.
- 1832 (original), 1942 (translation), Goethe, Faust, translation by Zoltán Jékely:
Usage notes
[edit]- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of tör
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | török | törsz | tör | törünk | törtök | törnek | |
Def. | töröm | töröd | töri | törjük | töritek | törik | |||
2nd-p. o. | törlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | törtem | törtél | tört | törtünk | törtetek | törtek | ||
Def. | törtem | törted | törte | törtük | törtétek | törték | |||
2nd-p. o. | törtelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. törni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | törék | törél | töre | törénk | törétek | törének | ||
Def. | törém | töréd | töré | törénk | törétek | törék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tör vala, tört vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | törendek | törendesz | törend | törendünk | törendetek | törendenek | ||
Def. | törendem | törended | törendi | törendjük | törenditek | törendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | törendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | törnék | törnél | törne | törnénk | törnétek | törnének | |
Def. | törném | törnéd | törné | törnénk (or törnők) |
törnétek | törnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tört volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | törjek | törj or törjél |
törjön | törjünk | törjetek | törjenek | |
Def. | törjem | törd or törjed |
törje | törjük | törjétek | törjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tört légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | törni | törnöm | törnöd | törnie | törnünk | törnötök | törniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
törés | törő | tört or törött | törendő | törve (törvén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of tör
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | törhetek | törhetsz | törhet | törhetünk | törhettek | törhetnek | |
Def. | törhetem | törheted | törheti | törhetjük | törhetitek | törhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | törhettem | törhettél | törhetett | törhettünk | törhettetek | törhettek | ||
Def. | törhettem | törhetted | törhette | törhettük | törhettétek | törhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | törheték | törhetél | törhete | törheténk | törhetétek | törhetének | ||
Def. | törhetém | törhetéd | törheté | törheténk | törhetétek | törheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. törhet vala, törhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | törhetendek or törandhatok |
törhetendesz or törandhatsz |
törhetend or törandhat |
törhetendünk or törandhatunk |
törhetendetek or törandhattok |
törhetendenek or törandhatnak | ||
Def. | törhetendem or törandhatom |
törhetended or törandhatod |
törhetendi or törandhatja |
törhetendjük or törandhatjuk |
törhetenditek or törandhatjátok |
törhetendik or törandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetendelek or törandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | törhetnék | törhetnél | törhetne | törhetnénk | törhetnétek | törhetnének | |
Def. | törhetném | törhetnéd | törhetné | törhetnénk (or törhetnők) |
törhetnétek | törhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. törhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | törhessek | törhess or törhessél |
törhessen | törhessünk | törhessetek | törhessenek | |
Def. | törhessem | törhesd or törhessed |
törhesse | törhessük | törhessétek | törhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | törhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. törhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (törhetni) | (törhetnem) | (törhetned) | (törhetnie) | (törhetnünk) | (törhetnetek) | (törhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | törhető | Neg. adj. | törhetetlen | Adv. part. | (törhetve / törhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References
[edit]- ^ tör in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- tör in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Swedish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Swedish þora, þøra, þura, from Old Norse þora, of unknown origin. Doublet of töras ("to dare"). Cognate with Old Danish thoræ, thuræ, tørre.
Verb
[edit]tör
- present of torde
- 1791, Dumboms leverne, Johan Henric Kellgren:
- Om det ej ledsnar er att höra, så tör det roa er kanske.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1921, Hjalmar Bergman, Farmor och vår Herre:
- Om hon gjort rätt eller orätt, det tör bli uppenbart på den yttersta dagen.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *tȫr (“honorary place in the house”). Doublet of dör.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ør
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ør/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -ra/-re
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian three-letter words
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish doublets
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with quotations
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish doublets
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish archaic terms
- Turkish dialectal terms