þora

See also: Þóra and Thora

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse þora.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθɔːra/
• Rhymes: -ɔːra

Verb

þora (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative þorði, supine þorað)

1. to dare

   Synonyms: voga, áræða, dirfast

   Það er ótrúlegt hvað fólk þorir að segja þegar það skrifar ekki undir nafni.

   It's unbelievable what people dare to say when they don't write under their own name.

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• þor n (“courage”)
• þoran f (“courage”)
• þorinn (“daring”)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þurāną, of uncertain origin. Compare Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross over, overcome, pass through”), see also Sanskrit तरति (tarati, “to overcome, surpass, contend”).

Verb

þora (singular past indicative þorði, plural past indicative þorðu, past participle þoraðr)

1. to dare, have the courage to do a thing

Conjugation

Conjugation of þora — active (weak class 3)

infinitive	þora
present participle	þorandi
past participle	þorar
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	þori	þorða		þora	þørða
2nd person singular	þorir	þorðir		þorir	þørðir
3rd person singular	þorir	þorði		þori	þørði
1st person plural	þorum	þorðum		þorim	þørðim
2nd person plural	þorið	þorðuð		þorið	þørðið
3rd person plural	þora	þorðu		þori	þørði
imperative	present
2nd person singular	þor
1st person plural	þorum
2nd person plural	þorið

Conjugation of þora — mediopassive (weak class 3)

infinitive	þorask
present participle	þorandisk
past participle	þorazk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	þorumk	þorðumk		þorumk	þørðumk
2nd person singular	þorisk	þorðisk		þorisk	þørðisk
3rd person singular	þorisk	þorðisk		þorisk	þørðisk
1st person plural	þorumsk	þorðumsk		þorimsk	þørðimsk
2nd person plural	þorizk	þorðuzk		þorizk	þørðizk
3rd person plural	þorask	þorðusk		þorisk	þørðisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	þorsk
1st person plural	þorumsk
2nd person plural	þorizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: þora
• Faroese: tora
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: tore, tørre
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tora, tore
• Old Swedish: þora
  • Swedish: töras, torde
• Scanian: tøra, toras
• Gutnish: tårsa, törsa

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “þora”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 514; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

• þura, þøra; thoras (deponent verb)

Etymology

From Old Norse þora, of unknown origin.

Verb

þora

1. to dare
2. (auxiliary) may, can, to be possible

Conjugation

Conjugation of þora (weak)

	present				past
infinitive	þora				—
participle	þorandi, -e				þor(i)t (ntr.)
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	þor, þør	þori, -e	—		þorþi, -e	þorþi, -e
þū	þor, þør	þori, -e	þor		þorþi, -e	þorþi, -e
han	þor, þør	þori, -e	—		þorþi, -e	þorþi, -e
vīr	þorum, -om	þorum, -om	þorum, -om		þorþum, -om	þorþum, -om
īr	þorin	þorin	þorin		þorþin	þorþin
þēr	þora	þorin	—		þorþu, -om	þorþin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	—	—	—		—	—
þū	—	—	—		—	—
han	—	—	—		—	—
vīr	—	—	—		—	—
īr	—	—	—		—	—
þēr	—	—	—		—	—

Descendants

• Swedish: töras