तरति

See also: तुरंत

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• tarati (Latin script)
• 𑀢𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• তরতি (Bengali script)
• තරති (Sinhalese script)
• တရတိ (Burmese script)
• ตรติ or ตะระติ (Thai script)
• ᨲᩁᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ຕຣຕິ or ຕະຣະຕິ (Lao script)
• តរតិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄖𑄢𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

तरति (root tar, first conjugation)

1. Devanagari script form of tarati (“to cross over”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "तरति"

	Singular	Plural
Present
1st	तरामि (tarāmi)	तराम (tarāma)
2nd	तरसि (tarasi)	तरथ (taratha)
3rd	तरति (tarati)	तरन्ति (taranti)
Imperative
1st	तरामि (tarāmi)	तराम (tarāma)
2nd	तर (tara) or तराहि (tarāhi)	तरथ (taratha)
3rd	तरतु (taratu)	तरन्तु (tarantu)
Optative
1st	तरेय्यामि (tareyyāmi) or तरेय्यं (tareyyaṃ) or तरे (tare)	तरेय्याम (tareyyāma)
2nd	तरेय्यासि (tareyyāsi) or तरे (tare)	तरेय्याथ (tareyyātha)
3rd	तरेय्य (tareyya) or तरे (tare)	तरेय्युं (tareyyuṃ)

• Present active participle: तरन्त् (tarant), which see for forms and usage
• Past participle: तिण्ण (tiṇṇa), which see for forms and usage
• Causative: तरेति (tareti), which see for forms and usage

Adjective

तरति

1. Devanagari script form of tarati, locative singular masculine/neuter of तरन्त् (tarant), present participle of the verb above

Verb

तरति (root tar, first conjugation)

1. Devanagari script form of tarati (“to hurry”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "तरति"

	Singular	Plural
Present
1st	तरामि (tarāmi)	तराम (tarāma)
2nd	तरसि (tarasi)	तरथ (taratha)
3rd	तरति (tarati)	तरन्ति (taranti)
Imperative
1st	तरामि (tarāmi)	तराम (tarāma)
2nd	तर (tara) or तराहि (tarāhi)	तरथ (taratha)
3rd	तरतु (taratu)	तरन्तु (tarantu)
Optative
1st	तरेय्यामि (tareyyāmi) or तरेय्यं (tareyyaṃ) or तरे (tare)	तरेय्याम (tareyyāma)
2nd	तरेय्यासि (tareyyāsi) or तरे (tare)	तरेय्याथ (tareyyātha)
3rd	तरेय्य (tareyya) or तरे (tare)	तरेय्युं (tareyyuṃ)

• Present active participle: तरन्त् (tarant), which see for forms and usage
• Past participle: तुरित (turita), which see for forms and usage

Adjective

तरति

1. Devanagari script form of tarati, locative singular masculine/neuter of तरन्त् (tarant), present participle of the verb above

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• তৰতি (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬭᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• তরতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰨𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• တရတိ (Burmese script)
• તરતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਤਰਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑌰𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦫꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑂩𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ತರತಿ (Kannada script)
• តរតិ (Khmer script)
• ຕຣຕິ (Lao script)
• തരതി (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᠠᡵᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘨𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠠᠷᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧈𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐬𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ତରତି (Odia script)
• ꢡꢬꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆫𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖨𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• තරති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩼𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚤𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• தரதி (Tamil script)
• తరతి (Telugu script)
• ตรติ (Thai script)
• ཏ་ར་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒩𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨫𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *térh₂eti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *tárHati

Sanskrit तर॑ति

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tárHati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tárHati, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross over”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τέρθρον (térthron), Old English þurh (whence English through).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐ́.ɾɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɐ.ɾɐ.t̪i/

Verb

तर॑ति • (tárati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root तॄ)

1. to pass across or over, cross over (a river), sail across
2. to float, swim
3. to get through, attain an end or aim, live through (a definite period), study to the end
4. to fulfill, accomplish, perform
5. to surpass, overcome, subdue, escape
6. to acquire, gain
7. to contend, compete
8. to carry through or over, save
9. (causative) to carry or lead over or
10. (causative) to cause to arrive at
11. (causative) to rescue, save, liberate from (+ ablative)
12. (desiderative) to wish to cross or reach by crossing
13. (intensive) to reach the end by passing or running or living through

Conjugation

Present: तर॑ति (tárati), तर॑ते (tárate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	तर॑ति tárati	तर॑तः tárataḥ	तर॑न्ति táranti	तर॑ते tárate	तरे॑ते tárete	तर॑न्ते tárante
Second	तर॑सि tárasi	तर॑थः tárathaḥ	तर॑थ táratha	तर॑से tárase	तरे॑थे tárethe	तर॑ध्वे táradhve
First	तरा॑मि tárāmi	तरा॑वः tárāvaḥ	तरा॑मः / तरा॑मसि¹ tárāmaḥ / tárāmasi¹	तरे॑ táre	तरा॑वहे tárāvahe	तरा॑महे tárāmahe
Imperative
Third	तर॑तु táratu	तर॑ताम् táratām	तर॑न्तु tárantu	तर॑ताम् táratām	तरे॑ताम् táretām	तर॑न्ताम् tárantām
Second	तर॑ tára	तर॑तम् táratam	तर॑त tárata	तर॑स्व tárasva	तरे॑थाम् tárethām	तर॑ध्वम् táradhvam
First	तरा॑णि tárāṇi	तरा॑व tárāva	तरा॑म tárāma	तरै॑ tárai	तरा॑वहै tárāvahai	तरा॑महै tárāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	तरे॑त् táret	तरे॑ताम् táretām	तरे॑युः táreyuḥ	तरे॑त táreta	तरे॑याताम् táreyātām	तरे॑रन् táreran
Second	तरेः॑ táreḥ	तरे॑तम् táretam	तरे॑त táreta	तरे॑थाः tárethāḥ	तरे॑याथाम् táreyāthām	तरे॑ध्वम् táredhvam
First	तरे॑यम् táreyam	तरे॑व táreva	तरे॑म tárema	तरे॑य táreya	तरे॑वहि tárevahi	तरे॑महि táremahi
Subjunctive
Third	तरा॑त् / तरा॑ति tárāt / tárāti	तरा॑तः tárātaḥ	तरा॑न् tárān	तरा॑ते / तरा॑तै tárāte / tárātai	तरै॑ते táraite	तर॑न्त / तरा॑न्तै táranta / tárāntai
Second	तराः॑ / तरा॑सि tárāḥ / tárāsi	तरा॑थः tárāthaḥ	तरा॑थ tárātha	तरा॑से / तरा॑सै tárāse / tárāsai	तरै॑थे táraithe	तरा॑ध्वै tárādhvai
First	तरा॑णि tárāṇi	तरा॑व tárāva	तरा॑म tárāma	तरै॑ tárai	तरा॑वहै tárāvahai	तरा॑महै tárāmahai
Participles
	तर॑त् tárat			तर॑माण táramāṇa
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अत॑रत् (átarat), अत॑रत (átarata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अत॑रत् átarat	अत॑रताम् átaratām	अत॑रन् átaran	अत॑रत átarata	अत॑रेताम् átaretām	अत॑रन्त átaranta
Second	अत॑रः átaraḥ	अत॑रतम् átaratam	अत॑रत átarata	अत॑रथाः átarathāḥ	अत॑रेथाम् átarethām	अत॑रध्वम् átaradhvam
First	अत॑रम् átaram	अत॑राव átarāva	अत॑राम átarāma	अत॑रे átare	अत॑रावहि átarāvahi	अत॑रामहि átarāmahi

Derived terms

• उत्त॑रति (úttarati, “to elevate, pass over”)
• संतरति (saṃtarati, “to swim together”)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀰𑀁𑀢𑀭𑀇 (*śaṃtaraï)
    • Assamese: সাঁতোৰ (xãtür)
    • Bengali: সাঁতার (śãtar)
    • Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠔꠣꠞ (hatar)

Descendants

• Pali: tarati
• Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀤𑀺 (*tiradi)
  • Hindi: तैरना (tairnā)
• Prakrit: 𑀢𑀭𑀇 (taraï)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: तरना (tarnā)
    • Urdu: ترنا (tarnā)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “तरति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0454.

Further reading

• partial conjugation (without desiderative, intensive and subjunctive)