tor

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See also: Tor, TOR, tör, tőr, tor-, -tor, and Appendix:Variations of "tor"

English[edit]

WOTD – 19 February 2013
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English tor, torr-, from Old English torr, tor (“a high rock, lofty hill, tower”), possibly from Proto-Celtic, compare Old Welsh *tor (“hill”); ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”), of non-Indo-European origin.

Cognate with Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr, Welsh tŵr, Irish tor, French tor, and Romansch tor/tur/tuor; the first four are from Proto-Celtic (from Latin turris), the last two directly from Latin turris (from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) and τύρσις (túrsis)). It is not clear whether the Celtic forms were borrowed from Old English or vice versa. Doublet of tower.

Tor near the summit of Knocknagun, in Wicklow, Ireland

Noun[edit]

tor (plural tors)

  1. (geology) A craggy outcrop of rock on the summit of a hill, created by the erosion and weathering of rock.
    • 1902, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles, Chapter 9:
      The moon was low upon the right, and the jagged pinnacle of a granite tor stood up against the lower curve of its silver disc.
    • 1855, Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho!, Tickor and Fields (1855), pages 104-105:
      Bursdon and Welsford were then, as now, a rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree, or anything save few and far between a world-old furze-bank which marked the common rights of some distant cattle farm, and crossed then, not as now, by a decent road, but by a rough confused trackway, the remnant of an old Roman road from Clovelly dikes to Launceston.
  2. (South-West England) A hill with such rock formation.
    • 2008, Lydia Joyce, Shadows of the Night, Signet Eclipse (2008), →ISBN, page 242:
      She had slipped the letters into her pocket next to the packet of antique documents and had taken an umbrella—as the sky was ominous out over the distant tors—and strolled around the manor house and down the road toward the village.
  3. (Britain, dialect) A tower; a turret.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Ray to this entry?)
Translations[edit]
hill — see hill

Etymology 2[edit]

Adjective[edit]

tor (comparative more tor, superlative most tor)

  1. Alternative form of tore ("hard, difficult; strong; rich").

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch tor, from Middle Dutch torre.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor (plural torre)

  1. beetle

Azerbaijani[edit]

Other scripts
Cyrillic
Roman tor
Perso-Arabic تور‎

Etymology[edit]

From Common Turkic *tor. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tor, “net”).

Noun[edit]

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

  1. net

Declension[edit]

Declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor torlar
definite accusative toru torları
dative tora torlara
locative torda torlarda
ablative tordan torlardan
definite genitive torun torların
Possessive forms of tor
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torum torlarım
sənin (“your”) torun torların
onun (“his/her/its”) toru torları
bizim (“our”) torumuz torlarımız
sizin (“your”) torunuz torlarınız
onların (“their”) toru or torları torları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumu torlarımı
sənin (“your”) torunu torlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) torunu torlarını
bizim (“our”) torumuzu torlarımızı
sizin (“your”) torunuzu torlarınızı
onların (“their”) torunu or torlarını torlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) toruma torlarıma
sənin (“your”) toruna torlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) toruna torlarına
bizim (“our”) torumuza torlarımıza
sizin (“your”) torunuza torlarınıza
onların (“their”) toruna or torlarına torlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumda torlarımda
sənin (“your”) torunda torlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) torunda torlarında
bizim (“our”) torumuzda torlarımızda
sizin (“your”) torunuzda torlarınızda
onların (“their”) torunda or torlarında torlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumdan torlarımdan
sənin (“your”) torundan torlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) torundan torlarından
bizim (“our”) torumuzdan torlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) torunuzdan torlarınızdan
onların (“their”) torundan or torlarından torlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) torumun torlarımın
sənin (“your”) torunun torlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) torunun torlarının
bizim (“our”) torumuzun torlarımızın
sizin (“your”) torunuzun torlarınızın
onların (“their”) torunun or torlarının torlarının

Breton[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor m (plural torioù, collective toroù)

  1. (anatomy) belly, stomach, abdomen

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of tor  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular tor dor zor unchanged
plural torioù dorioù zorioù unchanged

Synonyms[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor

  1. Hard mutation of dor.

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of tor  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular dor zor unchanged tor
plural dorioù zorioù unchanged torioù

References[edit]

  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “torrV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 385
  • MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911) , “tor”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page tàrr

Cimbrian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German tor, from Old High German tor, from Proto-Germanic *durą (“large door; gate”). Cognate with German Tor, English door.

Noun[edit]

tor n (Luserna)

  1. gate, gateway
  2. large doorway

References[edit]

  • “tor” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /toːr/, [tˢoːˀɐ̯]

Verb[edit]

tor

  1. present of to

Dutch[edit]

Dutch Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia nl

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch torre, of uncertain origin, possibly an imitative Middle Dutch base turren (“buzz”). Compare cognate West Frisian tuorre, toarre.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor f (plural torren, diminutive torretje n)

  1. beetle, insect of the order Coleoptera

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Afrikaans: tor

Anagrams[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

tor (plural torok)

  1. (literary, archaic or folksy) meal, repast (ceremonial meal held after weddings, funerals, or other special occasions)
    halotti tor ― funeral feast
    disznótor ― meal on pig-killing day
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tor torok
accusative tort torokat
dative tornak toroknak
instrumental torral torokkal
causal-final torért torokért
translative torrá torokká
terminative torig torokig
essive-formal torként torokként
essive-modal — —
inessive torban torokban
superessive toron torokon
adessive tornál toroknál
illative torba torokba
sublative torra torokra
allative torhoz torokhoz
elative torból torokból
delative torról torokról
ablative tortól toroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		toré toroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		toréi torokéi
Possessive forms of tor
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. torom toraim
2nd person sing. torod toraid
3rd person sing. tora torai
1st person plural torunk toraink
2nd person plural torotok toraitok
3rd person plural toruk toraik
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “breastplate, chest”), created during the Hungarian language reform which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

Noun[edit]

tor (plural torok)

  1. (zoology) thorax (of an arthropod)
    Coordinate terms: fej, potroh
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tor torok
accusative tort torokat
dative tornak toroknak
instrumental torral torokkal
causal-final torért torokért
translative torrá torokká
terminative torig torokig
essive-formal torként torokként
essive-modal — —
inessive torban torokban
superessive toron torokon
adessive tornál toroknál
illative torba torokba
sublative torra torokra
allative torhoz torokhoz
elative torból torokból
delative torról torokról
ablative tortól toroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		toré toroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		toréi torokéi
Possessive forms of tor
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. torom toraim
2nd person sing. torod toraid
3rd person sing. tora torai
1st person plural torunk toraink
2nd person plural torotok toraitok
3rd person plural toruk toraik

Further reading[edit]

  • (ceremonial meal): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
  • (thorax): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish tor.

Noun[edit]

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

  1. bush, shrub; clump, tuft
    Synonym: tom
  2. head (of cabbage)
    Synonym: ceann
Declension[edit]
Declension of tor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tor toir
Vocative a thoir a thora
Genitive toir tor
Dative tor toir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tor na toir
Genitive an toir na dtor
Dative leis an tor

don tor

leis na toir

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Probably from Proto-Celtic (Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr), possibly borrowed from Old English torr (“a high rock, tower”), though the reverse is more likely; all ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”) and of non-Indo-European origin.

More at English tor and tor. Also compare Latin Taurini.

Noun[edit]

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

  1. (geography) tall rock; steep rocky height
  2. (literary) tower; towering warrior, pillar (of battle)
Declension[edit]
Declension of tor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tor toir
Vocative a thoir a thora
Genitive toir tor
Dative tor toir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tor na toir
Genitive an toir na dtor
Dative leis an tor

don tor

leis na toir

Further reading[edit]

  • “tor” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2021.

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor m

  1. Alternative form of toradh

Etymology 4[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

  1. Alternative form of tarathar
Declension[edit]
Declension of tor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tor toir
Vocative a thoir a thora
Genitive toir tor
Dative tor toir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tor na toir
Genitive an toir na dtor
Dative leis an tor

don tor

leis na toir

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tor thor dtor
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

  • "tor" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “tor” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin turris, turrim

Noun[edit]

tor f (plural tors)

  1. tower
    Synonym: torre

Old French[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin turris, turrim, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor f (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tor, nominative plural tors)

  1. tower
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin taurus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor m (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tors, nominative plural tor)

  1. bull (bovine)

Derived terms[edit]

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *torъ, from *terti.

Noun[edit]

tor m inan

  1. track, course, path
  2. rail track
  3. lane (a part of a sports track)
  4. trajectory

Declension[edit]

declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor tory
genitive toru torów
dative torowi torom
accusative tor tory
instrumental torem torami
locative torze torach
vocative torze tory
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin thorium, from Old Scandinavian Thorr.

Noun[edit]

Chemical element
Th
Previous: aktyn (Ac)
Next: protaktyn (Pa)

tor m inan

  1. thorium

Declension[edit]

declension of tor
singular
nominative tor
genitive toru
dative torowi
accusative tor
instrumental torem
locative torze
vocative torze

Etymology 3[edit]

Named for Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist.

Noun[edit]

tor m (symbol Tr)

  1. torr

Declension[edit]

declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor tory
genitive tora torów
dative torowi torom
accusative tora tory
instrumental torem torami
locative torze torach
vocative torze tory

Etymology 4[edit]

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun[edit]

tor

  1. genitive plural of tora

Further reading[edit]

  • tor in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romansch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan) tur
  • (Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) tuor

Etymology[edit]

From Latin turris, turrem, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

Noun[edit]

tor m (plural tors)

  1. (Surmiran) tower

Scanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor

  1. March (month)

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *torъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tȏr m (Cyrillic spelling то̑р)

  1. corral, cote

Declension[edit]

Declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tȏr tòrovi
genitive tora torova
dative toru torovima
accusative tor torove
vocative toru torovi
locative toru torovima
instrumental torom torovima

Turkish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“a kind of young animal”). Related to toy.

Noun[edit]

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

  1. young
  2. novice
  3. whelp
  4. beginner
  5. recruit

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative tor
Definite accusative toru
Singular Plural
Nominative tor torlar
Definite accusative toru torları
Dative tora torlara
Locative torda torlarda
Ablative tordan torlardan
Genitive torun torların

References[edit]

Uzbek[edit]

Other scripts
Cyrillic тор‍
Roman tor‍
Perso-Arabic ‍‍

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Turkic *d(i)ār.

Adjective[edit]

tor (comparative torroq, superlative eng tor)

  1. narrow, tight

Noun[edit]

tor (plural torlar)

  1. string

Venetian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

tor

  1. (transitive) to take
  2. (transitive) to get

Volapük[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

tor (nominative plural tors)

  1. bull

Declension[edit]

declension of tor
singular plural
nominative tor tors
genitive tora toras
dative tore tores
accusative tori toris
vocative 1 o tor! o tors!
predicative 2 toru torus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

  • torül (“bull calf, male calf”)

Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • torra (second-person singular imperative)
  • torriff (colloquial, third-person singular present/future)
  • torrith (colloquial, third-person singular present/future)
  • tyr (literary, third-person singular present/future)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

tor

  1. (literary) third-person singular present/future of torri
  2. (literary) second-person singular imperative of torri

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
tor dor nhor thor
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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