Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/terti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *térˀtei / *tírˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”). Cognates with Lithuanian ti̇̀rti (“to investigate”), tri̇̀nti (“to rub”) and Latvian trĩt (“to sharpen”).

Verb

*tèrti impf^[1]^[2]

to rub, to scrape
to polish

Inflection

Conjugation of *terti, *ter, *tьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tьrtьje	*terti	*tertъ	*tьrlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tьrtъ	*tьromъ
Active	*tьrъ	*tьry

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*terxъ	*ter	*ter	*tьrǫ	*tьreši	*tьretь
Dual	*terxově	*tersta	*terste	*tьrevě	*tьreta	*tьrete
Plural	*terxomъ	*terste	*teršę	*tьremъ	*tьrete	*tьrǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tьrěaxъ	*tьrěaše	*tьrěaše	—	*tьri	*tьri
Dual	*tьrěaxově	*tьrěašeta	*tьrěašete	*tьrěvě	*tьrěta	—
Plural	*tьrěaxomъ	*tьrěašete	*tьrěaxǫ	*tьrěmъ	*tьrěte	—

(*)*tьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Alternative forms

*tьrti^[3] (in Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarusian)
*tirati (iterative-intensive form)

Derived terms

*tьrlo, *tirlo (“spawning ground”)
*těrati (“to seek, to chase”)

Related terms

*tryti (“to rub”), *tъrkati (“to throb, to prod; to rub”)
*torъ (“paddock, rut”)
- *toriti (“to tread, to make way”)
*tьrnъ (“thorn”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic:
  - Belarusian: це́рці (cjérci)
  - Russian: тере́ть (terétʹ)
  - Ukrainian: те́рти (térty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: трѣти (trěti)
- Bulgarian: три́я (tríja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: тр̏ти
  
  Latin script: tȑti
- Slovene: trẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: třieti
  - Czech: třít
- Kashubian: trzéc
- Old Polish: trzeć
  - Polish: trzeć
  - Silesian: trzić
- Slovak: trieť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: trěć
  - Lower Sorbian: trěś

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tèrti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491: “v. ‘rub’”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “trẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*te̋rti, sed. *tьrǫ̋”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “tьrti: tьr[j]ǫ tьr[j]etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ? (SA 203, 212f., 248f.; PR 136)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tèrti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491: “v. ‘rub’”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016), “trẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*te̋rti, sed. *tьrǫ̋”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001), “tьrti: tьr[j]ǫ tьr[j]etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ? (SA 203, 212f., 248f.; PR 136)”

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