tort
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɔːt/
Audio (RP) (file) - (General American) enPR: tô(ɹ)t, IPA(key): /tɔɹt/
Audio (GA) (file) - Homophone: torte; taught, taut (in non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English tort (“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”),[1] from Old French tort (“misdeed, wrong”) (modern French tort (“an error, wrong; a fault”)), from Medieval Latin tortum (“injustice, wrong”), a noun use of a neuter singular participle form of Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”), the perfect passive participle of torqueō (“to bend or twist awry, distort”),[2] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
- Galician torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort”)
- Italian torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong”)
- Norwegian Bokmål tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions)
- Norwegian Nynorsk tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions)
- Occitan tort
- Old French tort (modern French tort)
- Portuguese torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong”)
- Spanish tuerto (“injury, offence”)
Noun[edit]
tort (plural torts)
- (law) A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages. [from late 16th c.]
- Synonym: (Scots law) delict
- [1628, Edw[ard] Coke, “Of Rents”, in The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. […], London: […] [Adam Islip] for the Societe of Stationers, →OCLC, book 2, chapter 12, section 234, folio 158, verso:
- […] Wrong or Iniury, is in French aptly called Tort, becauſe Iniury & wrong is wreſted or crooked, being contrary to that which is right and ſtreight. […] And Britton ſaith that Tort a la ley eſt contrarye [a wrong to the law is contrary], and as aptly for the cauſe aforeſaid is iniury in English called wrong.]
- 1768, William Blackstone, “Of Wrongs, and Their Remedies, Respecting the Rights of Persons”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117:
- Personal actions are ſuch vvhereby a man claims a debt, or perſonal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and likevviſe vvhereby a man claims a ſatisfaction in damages for ſome injury done to his perſon or property. The former are ſaid to be founded on contracts, the latter upon torts or vvrongs: […] of the latter all actions for treſpaſſes, nuſances, aſſaults, defamatory vvords, and the like.
- 1891, Henry Campbell Black, “TORT”, in A Dictionary of Law […], St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 1178, column 1:
- A tort is a legal wrong committed upon the person or property independent of contract. It may be either (1) a direct invasion of some legal right of the individual; (2) the infraction of some public duty by which special damage accrues to the individual; (3) the violation of some private obligation by which like damage accrues to the individual.
- (obsolete) An injury or wrong. [late 14th – 18th c.]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4, page 172:
- Then gan triumphant Trompets ſovvnd on hye, / That ſent to heuen the ecchoed report / Of their nevv ioy, and happie victory / Gainſt him, that had them long oppreſt with tort, / And faſt impriſoned in ſieged fort.
- 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, signature P3, verso:
- For no vvild beaſts ſhould do them any torte / There or abroad, ne vvould his maieſtye / Vſe them but vvell, vvith gracious clemencye, / As vvhome he knevv to him both faſt and true; […]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English tort, torte (“contorted, crooked; twisted”),[3] from Old French tort, torte (“crooked; twisted”), or from its etymon Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”):[4] see further at etymology 1.
Adjective[edit]
tort
- (obsolete) Twisted.
- 1569, Richard Grafton, “Edwarde the Seconde”, in A Chronicle at Large, and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande, […], London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC; republished in Grafton’s Chronicle; or, History of England. […], volume I, London: […] [George Woodfall] for J[oseph] Johnson; […], 1809, →OCLC, page 322:
- And the first that came and gaue them most comfort was Henry Erle of Lãcaster with yͤ wrieneck, called Tort coll [torticollis], who was brother to Thomas Erle of Lãcaster yͭ was behedded, as ye haue heard before, who was a right vertuous & good knight as after ye shal here.
Etymology 3[edit]
Adjective[edit]
tort (comparative more tort, superlative most tort)
Translations[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Adjective[edit]
tort (comparative torter, superlative tortest) (British, dialectal, obsolete)
- Synonym of taut (“stretched tight; under tension”)
- 1847, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Initial, Dæmonic, and Celestial Love”, in Poems, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, part I (The Initial Love), page 158:
- Yet holds he them with tortest rein, / That they may seize and entertain / The glance that to their glance opposes, / Like fiery honey sucked from roses.
- (nautical) Of a boat: watertight.
Translations[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort (plural torts)
Translations[edit]
Etymology 6[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort (plural torts)
- (slang) Clipping of tortoiseshell (“a domestic cat, guinea pig, rabbit, or other animal whose fur has black, brown, and yellow markings”); a tortie.
Translations[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “tort, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “tort, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “tort(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “† tort, adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TORT”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volumes VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 198, column 2.
- ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TART, adj. and sb.2”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volumes VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 35.
- ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TAUT, adj. and v.1”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volumes VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 42, column 2.
Further reading[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Catalan tort, from Latin tortus (“twisted”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
tort (feminine torta, masculine plural torts, feminine plural tortes)
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort m (plural torts)
References[edit]
- “tort” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “tort” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Estonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort (genitive tordi, partitive torti)
- large cake; cream cake, gateau
Declension[edit]
Declension of tort (ÕS type 22e/riik, t-d gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tort | tordid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | tordi | ||
genitive | tortide | ||
partitive | torti | torte tortisid | |
illative | torti tordisse |
tortidesse tordesse | |
inessive | tordis | tortides tordes | |
elative | tordist | tortidest tordest | |
allative | tordile | tortidele tordele | |
adessive | tordil | tortidel tordel | |
ablative | tordilt | tortidelt tordelt | |
translative | tordiks | tortideks tordeks | |
terminative | tordini | tortideni | |
essive | tordina | tortidena | |
abessive | tordita | tortideta | |
comitative | tordiga | tortidega |
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old French tort, from Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /tɔʁ/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔʁ
- Homophones: tord, tords, tore, tores, tors, torts (general), taure, taures (one pronunciation)
Noun[edit]
tort m (plural torts)
- fault
- wrong, error
- Je regrette, vous avez tort. I'm afraid you are mistaken.
- Nous avons fait notre choix, à tort ou à raison. We have made our choice, rightly or wrongly.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter IV:
- [J]e suis le valeureux don Quichotte de la Manche, le défaiseur de torts et le réparateur d’iniquités.
- ... I am the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, the undoer of wrongs and the repairer of iniquities.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “tort”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort
Middle English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French tort, from Latin tortum.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort (plural tortes)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from French tort, from Latin tortum.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort
- (law) offense against someone, an insult or inconvenience caused to someone
Usage notes[edit]
Only used in the legal phrase tort og svie.
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “tort” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Verb[edit]
tort
Old French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Noun[edit]
tort oblique singular, m (oblique plural torz or tortz, nominative singular torz or tortz, nominative plural tort)
- wrong; misdeed (something considered wrong)
- 12th Century, Béroul, Tristan et Iseut:
- Sovent regrete le roi Marc
Son oncle, qui a fait tel tort- King Mark often regretted
That his uncle had done such a bad thing
- King Mark often regretted
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Old Occitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Noun[edit]
tort m (oblique plural tortz, nominative singular tortz, nominative plural tort)
References[edit]
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “torquēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 1010
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort m inan (diminutive torcik, related adjective tortowy)
- torte, gateau (type of cake)
- birthday cake
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- tort in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tort in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort n (plural torturi)
- thread (spun and made of hemp)
- quantity of spun threads
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) tort | tortul | (niște) torturi | torturile |
genitive/dative | (unui) tort | tortului | (unor) torturi | torturilor |
vocative | tortule | torturilor |
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
tort n (plural torturi)
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) tort | tortul | (niște) torturi | torturile |
genitive/dative | (unui) tort | tortului | (unor) torturi | torturilor |
vocative | tortule | torturilor |
See also[edit]
Veps[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
tort
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of tort (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | tort | ||
genitive sing. | tortan | ||
partitive sing. | tortad | ||
partitive plur. | tortid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tort | tortad | |
accusative | tortan | tortad | |
genitive | tortan | tortiden | |
partitive | tortad | tortid | |
essive-instructive | tortan | tortin | |
translative | tortaks | tortikš | |
inessive | tortas | tortiš | |
elative | tortaspäi | tortišpäi | |
illative | tortaha tortha |
tortihe | |
adessive | tortal | tortil | |
ablative | tortalpäi | tortilpäi | |
allative | tortale | tortile | |
abessive | tortata | tortita | |
comitative | tortanke | tortidenke | |
prolative | tortadme | tortidme | |
approximative I | tortanno | tortidenno | |
approximative II | tortannoks | tortidennoks | |
egressive | tortannopäi | tortidennopäi | |
terminative I | tortahasai torthasai |
tortihesai | |
terminative II | tortalesai | tortilesai | |
terminative III | tortassai | — | |
additive I | tortahapäi torthapäi |
tortihepäi | |
additive II | tortalepäi | tortilepäi |
References[edit]
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t
- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Medieval Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Law
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English adjectives
- British English
- English dialectal terms
- English obsolete terms
- en:Nautical
- English clippings
- English slang
- en:Tortoises
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/ɔɾt
- Rhymes:Catalan/ɔɾt/1 syllable
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Estonian terms borrowed from German
- Estonian terms derived from German
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian riik-type nominals
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/ɔʁ
- Rhymes:French/ɔʁ/1 syllable
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French terms with usage examples
- French terms with quotations
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian non-lemma forms
- Hungarian noun forms
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Latin
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- enm:Crime
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/uʈ
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- nb:Law
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan nouns
- Old Occitan masculine nouns
- Polish terms derived from Italian
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish terms borrowed from German
- Polish terms derived from German
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔrt
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔrt/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Cakes and pastries
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
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- ro:Desserts
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps kuva-type nominals
- vep:Foods