torqueo

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-éye-ti

Proto-Italic *torkʷejō

Proto-Italic *torkʷeō

Latin torqueō

Inherited from Proto-Italic *torkʷeō,^[1] from *torkʷejō, from Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-éye-ti, from *terkʷ- (“to turn”) + *-éyeti.

Cognates with Latin trīcae, trepidus, turpis, Sanskrit तर्कु (tarkú), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tarúzi) and Old Church Slavonic тракъ (trakŭ). See also English torch, torque, thwart, queer.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtɔr.kʷe.o]

Verb

torqueō (present infinitive torquēre, perfect active torsī, supine tortum); second conjugation

to spin, whirl, twirl, turn, cause to revolve
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.481–482:
  “[...] ubi maximus Atlās / axem humerō torquet stēllīs ārdentibus aptum.”
  “[...] where colossal Atlas turns on his shoulder the pole [of heaven] studded with blazing stars.”
to twist, wind, bend awry, distort
to hurl violently, twirl (around the head to throw), fling
to torment, torture

Conjugation

Conjugation of torqueō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	torqueō	torquēs		torquet	torquēmus	torquētis		torquent
	imperfect	torquēbam	torquēbās		torquēbat	torquēbāmus	torquēbātis		torquēbant
	future	torquēbō	torquēbis		torquēbit	torquēbimus	torquēbitis		torquēbunt
	perfect	torsī	torsistī		torsit	torsimus	torsistis		torsērunt, torsēre
	pluperfect	torseram	torserās		torserat	torserāmus	torserātis		torserant
	future perfect	torserō	torseris		torserit	torserimus	torseritis		torserint
passive	present	torqueor	torquēris, torquēre		torquētur	torquēmur	torquēminī		torquentur
	imperfect	torquēbar	torquēbāris, torquēbāre		torquēbātur	torquēbāmur	torquēbāminī		torquēbantur
	future	torquēbor	torquēberis, torquēbere		torquēbitur	torquēbimur	torquēbiminī		torquēbuntur
	perfect	tortus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	tortus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	tortus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	torqueam	torqueās		torqueat	torqueāmus	torqueātis		torqueant
	imperfect	torquērem	torquērēs		torquēret	torquērēmus	torquērētis		torquērent
	perfect	torserim	torserīs		torserit	torserīmus	torserītis		torserint
	pluperfect	torsissem	torsissēs		torsisset	torsissēmus	torsissētis		torsissent
passive	present	torquear	torqueāris, torqueāre		torqueātur	torqueāmur	torqueāminī		torqueantur
	imperfect	torquērer	torquērēris, torquērēre		torquērētur	torquērēmur	torquērēminī		torquērentur
	perfect	tortus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	tortus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	torquē		—	—	torquēte		—
active	future	—	torquētō		torquētō	—	torquētōte		torquentō
passive	present	—	torquēre		—	—	torquēminī		—
passive	future	—	torquētor		torquētor	—	—		torquentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		torquēre		torquērī, torquērier¹		torquēns		—
future		tortūrum esse		tortum īrī		tortūrus		torquendus
perfect		torsisse		tortum esse		—		tortus
future perfect		—		tortum fore		—		—
perfect potential		tortūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		torquendī	torquendō		torquendum	torquendō	tortum		tortū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Descendants

Vulgar Latin: *torcere (see there for further descendants)
→ English: torque, torch, truss
- →? Turkish: tork
→? Welsh: terchu

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 624

“torqueo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“torqueo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“torqueo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to suffer torments of expectation, delay: exspectatione torqueri, cruciari

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 624

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