gyűlik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably borrowed from a Chuvash-type Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries)[1] + -ik.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gyűlik
- (intransitive) to gather, assemble
- Synonyms: csoportosul, tömörül
- (intransitive) to be accumulating, be piling up
- Synonym: halmozódik
- (intransitive) to fester
- Synonym: gennyesedik
Usage notes
[edit]This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation
[edit]| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | gyűlök | gyűlsz | gyűlik | gyűlünk | gyűltök | gyűlnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | gyűltem | gyűltél | gyűlt | gyűltünk | gyűltetek | gyűltek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. gyűlni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | gyűlék | gyűlél | gyűle | gyűlénk | gyűlétek | gyűlének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. gyűlik vala, gyűlt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | gyűlendek | gyűlendesz | gyűlend | gyűlendünk | gyűlendetek | gyűlendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | gyűlnék | gyűlnél | gyűlne | gyűlnénk | gyűlnétek | gyűlnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. gyűlt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | gyűljek | gyűlj or gyűljél |
gyűljön | gyűljünk | gyűljetek | gyűljenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. gyűlt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | gyűlni | gyűlnöm | gyűlnöd | gyűlnie | gyűlnünk | gyűlnötök | gyűlniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| gyűlés | gyűlő | gyűlt | ― | gyűlve (gyűlvén) | |||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | gyűlhetek | gyűlhetsz | gyűlhet | gyűlhetünk | gyűlhettek | gyűlhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | gyűlhettem | gyűlhettél | gyűlhetett | gyűlhettünk | gyűlhettetek | gyűlhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | gyűlheték | gyűlhetél | gyűlhete | gyűlheténk | gyűlhetétek | gyűlhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. gyűlhet vala, gyűlhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | gyűlhetendek or gyűlandhatok |
gyűlhetendesz or gyűlandhatsz |
gyűlhetend or gyűlandhat |
gyűlhetendünk or gyűlandhatunk |
gyűlhetendetek or gyűlandhattok |
gyűlhetendenek or gyűlandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | gyűlhetnék | gyűlhetnél | gyűlhetne | gyűlhetnénk | gyűlhetnétek | gyűlhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. gyűlhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | gyűlhessek | gyűlhess or gyűlhessél |
gyűlhessen | gyűlhessünk | gyűlhessetek | gyűlhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. gyűlhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (gyűlhetni) | (gyűlhetnem) | (gyűlhetned) | (gyűlhetnie) | (gyűlhetnünk) | (gyűlhetnetek) | (gyűlhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (gyűlhetve / gyűlhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ gyűlik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- gyűlik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN