estonar
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Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From es- (“ex-”) + tona (“skin, peel, bark, surface”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estonar (first-person singular present estono, first-person singular preterite estonei, past participle estonado)
- (transitive) to shell, hull, peel
- (transitive) to skim milk or broth
- Synonym: desnatar
- (transitive) to debark
- (transitive or takes a reflexive pronoun) to skin
- (transitive) to remove the superficial layer of a litter for accessing the manure under it
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of estonar
Reintegrated conjugation of estonar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
1Less recommended.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estonar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “estonar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estonar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “estonar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estonar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estonar
- (transitive, intransitive) to amaze, surprise
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estonar | aver estonat | |||||
gerund | estonant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | estonat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | estoni | estonas | estona | estonam | estonatz | estonan | |
imperfect | estonavi | estonavas | estonava | estonàvem | estonàvetz | estonavan | |
preterite | estonèri | estonères | estonèt | estonèrem | estonèretz | estonèron | |
future | estonarai | estonaràs | estonarà | estonarem | estonaretz | estonaràn | |
conditional | estonariái | estonariás | estonariá | estonariam | estonariatz | estonarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | estonèra | estonèras | estonèra | estoneram | estoneratz | estonèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | estone | estones | estone | estonem | estonetz | estonen | |
imperfect | estonèssi | estonèsses | estonèsse | estonèssem | estonèssetz | estonèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
estona | estonem | estonatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estonar | aver estonat | |||||
gerund | estonant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | estonat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | estone | estones | estona | estonam | estonatz | estonon | |
imperfect | estonave | estonaves | estonava | estonaviam | estonaviatz | estonavon | |
preterite | estonere | estoneres | estonet | estonem | estonetz | estoneron | |
future | estonarai | estonaràs | estonará | estonarem | estonaretz | estonarán | |
conditional | estonariá | estonariás | estonariá | estonariam | estonariatz | estonarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | estonèra | estonèras | estonèra | estoneram | estoneratz | estonèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | estone | estones | estone | estonassiam | estonassiatz | estonon | |
imperfect | estonesse | estonesses | estonesse | estonessiam | estonessiatz | estonesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
estona | estonassiam | estonatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estonar | aver estonat | |||||
gerund | estonant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | estonat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | estoni | estonas | estona | estonam | estonatz | estonan | |
imperfect | estonavi | estonavas | estonava | estonàvam | estonàvatz | estonavan | |
preterite | estonèi | estonès | estonè | estonèm | estonètz | estonèn | |
future | estonarèi | estonaràs | estonarà | estonaram | estonaratz | estonaràn | |
conditional | estonarí | estonarés | estonaré | estonarem | estonaretz | estonarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | estonèra | estonèras | estonèra | estoneram | estoneratz | estonèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | estoni | estones | estone | estonem | estonetz | estonen | |
imperfect | estonèssi | estonèsses | estonèsse | estonèssem | estonèssetz | estonèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
estona | estonem | estonatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estonar | aver estonat | |||||
gerund | estonant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | estonat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | estone | estonas | estona | estonam | estonatz | estonan | |
imperfect | estonava | estonavas | estonava | estonàvam | estonàvatz | estonavan | |
preterite | estonei | estoneras | estonet | estonèram | estonèratz | estoneran | |
future | estonarai | estonaràs | estonará | estonarem | estonaretz | estonarán | |
conditional | estonariá | estonariàs | estonariá | estonariam | estonariatz | estonarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | estonèra | estonèras | estonèra | estoneram | estoneratz | estonèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | estone | estones | estone | estonem | estonetz | estonen | |
imperfect | estonèsse | estonèsses | estonèsse | estonèssem | estonèssetz | estonèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
estona | estonem | estonatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estonar | aver estonat | |||||
gerund | estonant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | estonat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | estone | estones | estona | estonam | estonatz | estonan | |
imperfect | estonavi | estonavas | estonava | estonàvem | estonàvetz | estonavan | |
preterite | estonère | estonères | estonèt | estoneriam | estoneriatz | estonèron | |
future | estonarai | estonaràs | estonarà | estonarem | estonaretz | estonaràn | |
conditional | estonariáu | estonariás | estonariá | estonariam | estonariatz | estonarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | estonèra | estonèras | estonèra | estoneram | estoneratz | estonèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | estone | estones | estone | estonem | estonetz | estonan | |
imperfect | estonèsse | estonèsses | estonèsse | estonessiam | estonessiatz | estonèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
estona | estonem | estonatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Further reading
[edit]- Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 295.