慄

See also: 栗

慄 U+6144, 慄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6144 ← 慃 [U+6143] CJK Unified Ideographs 慅 → [U+6145]

慄 U+F9D9, 慄 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D9 ← 律 [U+F9D8] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 栗 → [U+F9DA]

Translingual

Han character

慄 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 心一田木 (PMWD), four-corner 9109₄, composition ⿰忄栗)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11042
• Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6144

• Unihan data for U+F9D9

Chinese

trad.		慄
simp.		栗*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (栗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
栗	*riɡ
溧	*riɡ
慄	*riɡ
鷅	*riɡ
凓	*riɡ
篥	*riɡ
麜	*riɡ
瑮	*riɡ
塛	*riɡ
搮	*riɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riɡ): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 栗 (OC *riɡ). It expresses the meaning of fearing.

Etymology

STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”).

Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄 / 栗 (nut⁵).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): leot⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): luut⁵

• Northern Min (KCR): là̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lek / liak / lit

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: leot⁶
    • Yale: leuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loet⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêd⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵt̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: luut⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵt̚³²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
    • Tâi-lô: lik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leg
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
    • Tâi-lô: liak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liag
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lit
    • Tâi-lô: lit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lid
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚⁵/

Note:

• lek/liak - vernacular (“to be scared; to become weak and limp”);
• lit - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: liag⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liak
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liak̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慄
Mandarin	Beijing	/li⁵¹/
	Harbin	/li⁵³/
	Tianjin	/li⁵³/
	Jinan	/li²¹/
	Qingdao	/li⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/li²⁴/
	Xi'an	/li²¹/
	Xining	/l̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/li¹³/
	Lanzhou	/li¹³/
	Ürümqi	/li²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ni³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/li³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/liəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/li²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/li²²/
	Tunxi	/le¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/li²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ni⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/liʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lit̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/lit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løt̚²/
	Nanning	/lɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/løt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lit̚⁵/ /lat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/liʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/liak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lit̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: lit

Rime
Character	慄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力質切
Baxter	lit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lit̚/
Li Rong	/liĕt̚/
Wang Li	/lĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lat6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*riɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慄
Reading #	1/1
No.	7971
Phonetic component	栗
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	栗
Old Chinese	/*riɡ/

Definitions

慄

1. to shiver; to shudder; to tremble
2. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be scared (of one's facial expression)
3. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to become weak and limp (of one's arms and legs due to fear, lack of strength, etc.)

Compounds

• 不寒而慄 / 不寒而栗 (bùhán'érlì)
• 凜慄 / 凛栗
• 寒慄 / 寒栗
• 恂慄 / 恂栗 (xúnlì)
• 悚慄 / 悚栗
• 惏慄 / 惏栗 (línlì)
• 惕慄 / 惕栗
• 悸慄 / 悸栗
• 惴慄 / 惴栗
• 慄冽 / 栗冽
• 慄慄 / 栗栗 (lìlì)
• 慄慄危懼 / 栗栗危惧
• 慄然 / 栗然
• 慘慄 / 惨栗
• 懰慄 / 𰑙栗
• 戰慄 / 战栗 (zhànlì)
• 戰戰慄慄 / 战战栗栗
• 栗慄 / 栗栗
• 汗洽股慄 / 汗洽股栗
• 股慄 / 股栗
• 陸讋水慄 / 陆詟水栗
• 震慄 / 震栗
• 顫慄 / 颤栗 (zhànlì)
• 齋慄 / 斋栗

Pronunciation 2

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lyut⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nut⁵

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lyut⁶
    • Yale: lyuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lüd⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyːt̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: nut⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdut̚³²/

Definitions

慄

1. (originally Taishanese, now also Hong Kong Cantonese) to be scared

   alt. forms: 劣 (Hong Kong Cantonese)

   慄到唔敢喐／栗到唔敢喐 [Taishanese]  ―  to be so scared one won't dare move

Japanese

Kanji

慄

(Jōyō kanji)

1. fear
2. tremble, shudder, shiver

Readings

• Go-on: りち (richi)
• Kan-on: りつ (ritsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 慄れる)、おののく (ononoku, 慄く)、ふるえる (furueru, 慄える)

Usage notes

This character is not used much in modern Japanese.

Korean

Hanja

慄 • (ryul>yul) (hangeul 률>율, revised ryul>yul, McCune–Reischauer ryul>yul, Yale lyul>yul)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慄: Hán Việt readings: lật
慄: Nôm readings: rất, lật, trật

1. chữ Nôm form of lật (“to turn upside down, to overturn”)
2. chữ Nôm form of rất (“very”)
3. chữ Nôm form of trật (“(of a target) missed; incorrect; inaccurate”)