率

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See also: 卒
率 U+7387, 率
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7387
← 玆
[U+7386] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 玈 →
[U+7388]
率 U+F961, 率
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F961
← 怒
[U+F960] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 異 →
[U+F962]
率 U+F9DB, 率
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DB
← 栗
[U+F9DA] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 隆 →
[U+F9DC]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

率 (Kangxi radical 95, 玄+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈人十 (YIOJ), four-corner 00403, composition ⿱⿻玄⿱丷八十 or ⿳亠⿲冫幺⿱丿丶十)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 725, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20817
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 289, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7387

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 率
2nd round simp. ⿱力十
alternative forms 卛 ancient

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 率
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (率) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
率 *sruds, *rud, *srud
繂 *rud
膟 *rud
蟀 *srud

Pictogram (象形) – according to Xu Shen, a net to capture birds. 冫幺冫is the net, and the top and bottom is the stick. But in the original version, the horizontal stroke in the lower part is missing, therefore the whole character should represent a rope, 繂.

Etymology[edit]

“to lead”
See 帥.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 率
Reading # 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǜ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ut/
English norm, standard

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 率
Reading # 2/3
No. 8605
Phonetic
component 		率
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*rud/

Definitions[edit]

率

  1. rate; frequency
    近視率／近视率  ―  jìnshìlǜ  ―  rate of myopia
    投票率  ―  tóupiàolǜ  ―  voter turnout
  2. ratio
    遺傳率／遗传率  ―  yíchuán lǜ  ―  heritability

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • sut/sòe - literary;
  • soài - vernacular (俗).
Rime
Character 率 率
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 脂 (18) 諄 (52)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 所類切 所律切
Baxter srwijH srwit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiuɪH/ /ʃiuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃʷᵚiH/ /ʃʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiuɪH/ /ʃjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂjwiH/ /ʂwit̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʃjuiH/ /ʃiuĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʃwiH/ /ʃĭuĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂwiH/ /ʂi̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shuài shuai
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi3 seot1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 率 率 率
Reading # 1/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lèi shuài shuài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwijH › ‹ srwijH › ‹ srwit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ut-s/ /*s-rut-s/ /*s-rut/
English bird net lead (v.); commander follow, go along

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 率 率
Reading # 1/3 3/3
No. 8604 8608
Phonetic
component 		率 率
Rime
group 		隊 物
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		帥 率
Old
Chinese 		/*sruds/ /*srud/
Notes 原列質韻

Definitions[edit]

率

  1. to lead
  2. † to catch (birds) with a net
  3. † to follow (a road)
  4. † frank, straightforward
  5. † hasty, indiscreet
  6. † generally

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 率
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
率󠄁
率+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
率󠄃
率+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

率

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. lead a group
  2. (mathematics) ratio

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
率
りつ
Grade: 5
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 率 (MC lwit).

Suffix[edit]

率(りつ) • (-ritsu) 

  1. rate, ratio

References[edit]

  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “率”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1422 (paper), page 762 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 819 (paper), page 422 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 率 (MC ljwit).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

率 (eumhun 비율 률 (biyul ryul), South Korea 비율 율 (biyul yul))

  1. Hanja form? of 률/율 (“rate, ratio”).

Usage notes[edit]

율 (yul) follows after a vowel or ㄴ (n). After anything else, it is followed by 률 (ryul).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 率 (MC srwit).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

率 (eumhun 거느릴 솔 (geoneuril sol))

  1. Hanja form? of 솔 (“to lead”).
  2. Hanja form? of 솔 (“frank; straightforward”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle Chinese 率 (MC srwijH).

Hanja[edit]

率 (eumhun 우두머리 수 (udumeori su))

  1. Alternative form of 帥 (“Hanja form? of 수 (“commander”).”)

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

率: Hán Nôm readings: chuốt, sót, suất, suốt, sút, thoắt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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