乘

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乘 U+4E58, 乘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58
← 乗
[U+4E57]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 乙 →
[U+4E59]
See also: 乗, 椉, and 埀

Translingual[edit]

Shinjitai 乗
Simplified 乘
Traditional 乘

Han character[edit]

乘 (radical 4 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition ⿻禾北)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • (chiefly Japanese): 乗

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 83, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 40, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E58

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 乘
alt. forms 乗
椉

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乘
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
乘-oracle.svg 乘-bronze.svg 乘-bigseal.svg 乘-seal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j14101.svg

j14101
ACC-j14102.svg

j14102
ACC-j14103.svg

j14103
ACC-j14104.svg

j14104
ACC-j14105.svg

j14105
ACC-j14106.svg

j14106
ACC-j14107.svg

j14107
ACC-j14108.svg

j14108
ACC-j14109.svg

j14109
ACC-j14110.svg

j14110
ACC-j14111.svg

j14111
ACC-j14112.svg

j14112
ACC-j14113.svg

j14113
ACC-j14114.svg

j14114
ACC-j14115.svg

j14115
ACC-j14116.svg

j14116
ACC-j14117.svg

j14117
ACC-j14118.svg

j14118
ACC-j14119.svg

j14119
ACC-j14120.svg

j14120
ACC-j14121.svg

j14121
ACC-j14122.svg

j14122
ACC-j14123.svg

j14123
ACC-j14124.svg

j14124
ACC-j14125.svg

j14125
ACC-j14126.svg

j14126
ACC-j14127.svg

j14127
ACC-j14128.svg

j14128
ACC-j14129.svg

j14129
ACC-j14130.svg

j14130
ACC-j14131.svg

j14131
ACC-j14132.svg

j14132
ACC-j14133.svg

j14133
ACC-j14134.svg

j14134
ACC-j14135.svg

j14135
ACC-j14136.svg

j14136
ACC-j14137.svg

j14137
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b08546.svg

b08546
ACC-b08547.svg

b08547
ACC-b08548.svg

b08548
ACC-b08549.svg

b08549
ACC-b08550.svg

b08550
ACC-b08551.svg

b08551
ACC-b08552.svg

b08552
ACC-b08553.svg

b08553
ACC-b08554.svg

b08554
ACC-b08555.svg

b08555
ACC-b08556.svg

b08556
ACC-b08557.svg

b08557
ACC-b08558.svg

b08558
ACC-b08559.svg

b08559
ACC-b08560.svg

b08560
Large seal script
ACC-L33335.svg

L33335
ACC-L33336.svg

L33336
ACC-L33337.svg

L33337
ACC-L33338.svg

L33338
ACC-L33339.svg

L33339
ACC-L33340.svg

L33340
ACC-L33341.svg

L33341
ACC-L33342.svg

L33342
ACC-L33343.svg

L33343
ACC-L33344.svg

L33344
ACC-L11109.svg

L11109
ACC-L11110.svg

L11110
ACC-L11111.svg

L11111
ACC-L11112.svg

L11112
ACC-L11113.svg

L11113
ACC-L11114.svg

L11114
ACC-L11115.svg

L11115
ACC-L11116.svg

L11116
ACC-L11117.svg

L11117
ACC-L11118.svg

L11118
ACC-L11119.svg

L11119
ACC-L11120.svg

L11120
ACC-L11121.svg

L11121
ACC-L11122.svg

L11122
ACC-L11123.svg

L11123
Small seal script
ACC-s03944.svg

s03944
ACC-s03945.svg

s03945
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
乘 *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs
溗 *ɦljɯŋ
塖 *ɦljɯŋ
騬 *ɦljɯŋ
椉 *ɦljɯŋ
剩 *ɦljɯŋs
嵊 *ɦljɯŋs

Pictogram (象形) – climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 + 北 (tree + top, feet).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • 2tshen - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 乘
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法
/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
/t͡sʰən³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ²¹/
Nanning /seŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /siŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /seŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 乘
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食陵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʑɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʑɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʑieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʑiŋ/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʑiəŋ/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʑĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shéng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乘
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chéng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zying ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.ləŋ/
English ride (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乘
Reading # 1/2
No. 1452
Phonetic
component		 乘
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 繩
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

乘

  1. † to ascend; to go up
  2. † to mount; to ride
  3. to take (a form of transport)
  4. to make use of; to take advantage of
    乘機 / 乘机  ―  chéngjī  ―  to seize the opportunity
  5. † to pursue; to attack
  6. (mathematics) to multiply
    二乘八等於十六。 / 二乘八等于十六。  ―  Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù.  ―  Two times eight equals sixteen.
  7. (mathematics) multiplication
    加減乘除 / 加减乘除  ―  jiā jiǎn chéng chú  ―  addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
  8. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 乘

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.
Rime
Character 乘
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 實證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʑɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʑɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʑieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʑiŋH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʑiəŋH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʑĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shèng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乘
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shèng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zyingH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English vehicle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乘
Reading # 2/2
No. 1458
Phonetic
component		 乘
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 乗
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljɯŋs/

Definitions[edit]

乘

  1. † Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
  2. † history book
  3. (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 乘

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

 乗

Kyūjitai

 乘

Kanji[edit]

乘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)

  1. (mathematics) power

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乘 • (seung)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 승 (revised: seung, McCune-Reischauer: sŭng)
    • Name (hangeul): 탈 (revised: tal, McCune-Reischauer: t'al)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乘 (thặng, thắng, thừa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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