乘

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See also: 乗, 椉, and 埀
乘 U+4E58, 乘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58
← 乗
[U+4E57] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乙 →
[U+4E59]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 乗
Simplified 乘
Traditional 乘

Han character[edit]

乘 (radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition ⿻禾北)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • (chiefly Japanese): 乗

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 83, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 40, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E58

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 乘
alt. forms 乗
椉

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乘
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
乘-oracle.svg 乘-bronze.svg 乘-seal.svg 乘-bigseal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j14101.svg

j14101

ACC-j14102.svg

j14102

ACC-j14103.svg

j14103

ACC-j14104.svg

j14104

ACC-j14105.svg

j14105

ACC-j14106.svg

j14106

ACC-j14107.svg

j14107

ACC-j14108.svg

j14108

ACC-j14109.svg

j14109

ACC-j14110.svg

j14110

ACC-j14111.svg

j14111

ACC-j14112.svg

j14112

ACC-j14113.svg

j14113

ACC-j14114.svg

j14114

ACC-j14115.svg

j14115

ACC-j14116.svg

j14116

ACC-j14117.svg

j14117

ACC-j14118.svg

j14118

ACC-j14119.svg

j14119

ACC-j14120.svg

j14120

ACC-j14121.svg

j14121

ACC-j14122.svg

j14122

ACC-j14123.svg

j14123

ACC-j14124.svg

j14124

ACC-j14125.svg

j14125

ACC-j14126.svg

j14126

ACC-j14127.svg

j14127

ACC-j14128.svg

j14128

ACC-j14129.svg

j14129

ACC-j14130.svg

j14130

ACC-j14131.svg

j14131

ACC-j14132.svg

j14132

ACC-j14133.svg

j14133

ACC-j14134.svg

j14134

ACC-j14135.svg

j14135

ACC-j14136.svg

j14136

ACC-j14137.svg

j14137

Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b08546.svg

b08546

ACC-b08547.svg

b08547

ACC-b08548.svg

b08548

ACC-b08549.svg

b08549

ACC-b08550.svg

b08550

ACC-b08551.svg

b08551

ACC-b08552.svg

b08552

ACC-b08553.svg

b08553

ACC-b08554.svg

b08554

ACC-b08555.svg

b08555

ACC-b08556.svg

b08556

ACC-b08557.svg

b08557

ACC-b08558.svg

b08558

ACC-b08559.svg

b08559

ACC-b08560.svg

b08560

Small seal script
ACC-s03944.svg

s03944

ACC-s03945.svg

s03945

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L33335.svg

L33335

ACC-L33336.svg

L33336

ACC-L33337.svg

L33337

ACC-L33338.svg

L33338

ACC-L33339.svg

L33339

ACC-L33340.svg

L33340

ACC-L33341.svg

L33341

ACC-L33342.svg

L33342

ACC-L33343.svg

L33343

ACC-L33344.svg

L33344

ACC-L11109.svg

L11109

ACC-L11110.svg

L11110

ACC-L11111.svg

L11111

ACC-L11112.svg

L11112

ACC-L11113.svg

L11113

ACC-L11114.svg

L11114

ACC-L11115.svg

L11115

ACC-L11116.svg

L11116

ACC-L11117.svg

L11117

ACC-L11118.svg

L11118

ACC-L11119.svg

L11119

ACC-L11120.svg

L11120

ACC-L11121.svg

L11121

ACC-L11122.svg

L11122

ACC-L11123.svg

L11123

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
乘 *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs
溗 *ɦljɯŋ
塖 *ɦljɯŋ
騬 *ɦljɯŋ
椉 *ɦljɯŋ
剩 *ɦljɯŋs
嵊 *ɦljɯŋs

Pictogram (象形) – climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 + 北 (tree + top, feet).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • 2tshen - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 乘
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法
/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
/t͡sʰən³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ²¹/
Nanning /seŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /siŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /seŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 乘
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食陵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shéng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乘
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chéng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zying ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.ləŋ/
English ride (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乘
Reading # 1/2
No. 1452
Phonetic
component 		乘
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		繩
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

乘

  1. † to ascend; to go up
  2. † to mount; to ride
  3. to take (a form of transport)
  4. to make use of; to take advantage of
    乘機 / 乘机  ―  chéngjī  ―  to seize the opportunity
  5. † to pursue; to attack
  6. (mathematics) to multiply
    二乘八等於十六。 / 二乘八等于十六。  ―  Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù.  ―  Two times eight equals sixteen.
  7. (mathematics) multiplication
    加減乘除 / 加减乘除  ―  jiā jiǎn chéng chú  ―  addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
  8. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 乘

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.
Rime
Character 乘
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 實證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑiŋH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiəŋH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shèng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乘
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shèng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyingH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English vehicle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乘
Reading # 2/2
No. 1458
Phonetic
component 		乘
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		乗
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljɯŋs/

Definitions[edit]

乘

  1. † Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
  2. † history book
  3. (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 乘

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

乗

Kyūjitai

乘

Kanji[edit]

乘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乘 • (seung)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 승 (revised: seung, McCune–Reischauer: sŭng)
    • Name (hangeul): 탈 (revised: tal, McCune–Reischauer: t'al)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乘 (thừa,thặng,thắng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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