乘

See also: 乗, 椉, and 埀

乘 U+4E58, 乘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58 ← 乗 [U+4E57] CJK Unified Ideographs 乙 → [U+4E59]

Translingual

Japanese	乗
Simplified	乘
Traditional	乘

Han character

乘 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 2090₁, composition ⿻禾北 or ⿻乖人)

Derived characters

• 剩, 塖, 嵊, 溗, 騬, 𢾽, 𨝄, 𪳕, 𦟇, 𦶝, 𧪝, 𨍱, 𤳁, 𬟯, 𬨾

Descendants

• (chiefly Japanese): 乗

References

• KangXi: page 83, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
• Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E58

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Chinese

trad.		乘
simp. #		乘
alternative forms		乗 椉／乘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乘
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j14101 j14102 j14103 j14104 j14105 j14106 j14107 j14108 j14109 j14110 j14111 j14112 j14113 j14114 j14115 j14116 j14117 j14118 j14119 j14120 j14121 j14122 j14123 j14124 j14125 j14126 j14127 j14128 j14129 j14130 j14131 j14132 j14133 j14134 j14135 j14136 j14137 Bronze inscriptions b08546 b08547 b08548 b08549 b08550 b08551 b08552 b08553 b08554 b08555 b08556 b08557 b08558 b08559 b08560 Small seal script s03944 s03945 Transcribed ancient scripts L33335 L33336 L33337 L33338 L33339 L33340 L33341 L33342 L33343 L33344 L11109 L11110 L11111 L11112 L11113 L11114 L11115 L11116 L11117 L11118 L11119 L11120 L11121 L11122 L11123
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
乘	*ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs
溗	*ɦljɯŋ
塖	*ɦljɯŋ
騬	*ɦljɯŋ
椉	*ɦljɯŋ
剩	*ɦljɯŋs
嵊	*ɦljɯŋs

Pictogram (象形) – a person 大 climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 (“tree and top”) + 北 (“feet”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
• Min Dong (BUC): sìng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): tshen (T2); zen (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
    • Yale: chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
    • Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sing⁴
    • Yale: sìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng
    • Tâi-lô: sîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tshen (T2); zen (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəɲ³⁴/, /z̥əɲ²³/

Note:

• 2tshen - vernacular;
• 3zen - literary.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 乘
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法 /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən³¹/ /t͡sʰən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zeŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ʂən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/seŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/seŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/siŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/siŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/siŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/seŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/seŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ʑɨŋ/

Rime
Character	乘
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食陵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乘
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ zying ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ/
English	ride (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乘
Reading #	1/2
No.	1452
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繩
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋ/

Definitions

乘

1. (literary) to ascend; to go up
2. (literary) to drive (a horse, cart, etc.)
3. to take (a form of transport)

   乘船  ―  chéngchuán  ―  to ride a boat

   乘火車去上海／乘火车去上海  ―  chéng huǒchē qù shànghǎi  ―  to ride a train to Shanghai

4. to make use of; to take advantage of

   乘機／乘机  ―  chéngjī  ―  to seize the opportunity

   乘敵不備／乘敌不备  ―  chéng dí bùbèi  ―  to take the enemy unawares

5. (literary) to pursue; to attack
6. (arithmetic) to multiply

   加減乘除／加减乘除  ―  jiā jiǎn chéng chú  ―  addition, subtraction, multiplication, division

   二乘八等於十六。／二乘八等于十六。  ―  Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù.  ―  Two times eight equals sixteen.

7. a surname

Antonyms

• (to multiply): 除 (chú)

Compounds

Derived terms from 乘

• 三乘比
• 乘人之危 (chéngrénzhīwēi)
• 乘人之厄
• 乘便
• 乘其不意
• 乘化
• 乘危
• 乘坐 (chéngzuò)
• 乘夜 (chéngyè)
• 乘客 (chéngkè)
• 乘搭 (chéngdā)
• 乘方 (chéngfāng)
• 乘月 (chéngyuè)
• 乘桴
• 乘槎
• 乘法 (chéngfǎ)
• 乘流
• 乘火打劫 (chénghuǒdǎjié)
• 乘田
• 乘空
• 乘肩
• 乘船 (chéngchuán)
• 乘酒
• 乘除 (chéngchú)
• 乘隙 (chéngxì)
• 乘隙而入
• 共乘 (gòngchéng)
• 出乘
• 可乘之隙
• 因利乘便 (yīnlìchéngbiàn)
• 搭乘 (dāchéng)
• 有隙可乘 (yǒuxìkěchéng)
• 盛衰相乘
• 自乘 (zìchéng)
• 超乘
• 迭乘

• 陪乘
• 乘凶完配
• 乘亂／乘乱
• 乘亂坐大／乘乱坐大
• 乘人不備／乘人不备
• 乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
• 乘傳／乘传
• 乘其不備／乘其不备
• 乘冪／乘幂
• 乘務員／乘务员 (chéngwùyuán)
• 乘勝追擊／乘胜追击 (chéngshèngzhuījī)
• 乘勝逐北／乘胜逐北
• 乘勢／乘势 (chéngshì)
• 乘員／乘员 (chéngyuán)
• 乘堅策肥／乘坚策肥
• 乘堅驅良／乘坚驱良
• 乘奔御風／乘奔御风
• 乘數／乘数 (chéngshù)
• 乘時／乘时 (chéngshí)
• 乘機／乘机 (chéngjī)
• 乘機坐大／乘机坐大
• 乘機應變／乘机应变
• 乘涼／乘凉 (chéngliáng)
• 乘積／乘积
• 乘肥衣輕／乘肥衣轻
• 乘興／乘兴
• 乘興而來／乘兴而来
• 乘虛／乘虚 (chéngxū)
• 乘虛而入／乘虚而入 (chéngxū'érrù)
• 乘號／乘号 (chénghào)
• 乘車／乘车 (chéngchē)
• 乘車戴笠／乘车戴笠
• 乘軒／乘轩
• 乘軒鶴／乘轩鹤
• 乘輕驅肥／乘轻驱肥
• 乘輿／乘舆 (chéngyú)

• 乘輿播越／乘舆播越
• 乘輿播遷／乘舆播迁
• 乘間／乘间 (chéngjiàn)
• 乘間投隙／乘间投隙
• 乘雲／乘云 (chéngyún)
• 乘風破浪／乘风破浪 (chéngfēngpòlàng)
• 乘鶴／乘鹤
• 乘鶴駕雲／乘鹤驾云
• 乘鸞跨鳳／乘鸾跨凤
• 乘黃／乘黄
• 乘龍／乘龙 (chénglóng)
• 乘龍佳婿／乘龙佳婿 (chénglóngjiāxù)
• 乘龍快婿／乘龙快婿 (chénglóng kuàixù)
• 伍員乘潮／伍员乘潮
• 加減乘除／加减乘除 (jiājiǎn chéngchú)
• 可乘之機／可乘之机 (kěchéngzhījī)
• 摶柱乘梁／抟柱乘梁
• 有機可乘／有机可乘 (yǒujīkěchéng)
• 服冕乘軒／服冕乘轩
• 無勢可乘／无势可乘
• 無機可乘／无机可乘
• 無隙可乘／无隙可乘 (wúxìkěchéng)
• 琴高乘鯉／琴高乘鲤
• 竊幸乘寵／窃幸乘宠
• 老鶴乘軒／老鹤乘轩
• 被乘數／被乘数 (bèichéngshù)
• 變亂紛乘／变乱纷乘
• 貨幣乘數／货币乘数
• 跨鳳乘鸞／跨凤乘鸾
• 跨鳳乘龍／跨凤乘龙
• 階乘／阶乘 (jiēchéng)
• 飛蓬乘風／飞蓬乘风
• 飛龍乘雲／飞龙乘云
• 騎乘／骑乘 (qíchéng)
• 鶴乘軒／鹤乘轩
• 黃帝乘龍／黄帝乘龙

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèng, chéng (sheng⁴, cheng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ, ㄔㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
• Min Dong (BUC): sêng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
    • Yale: shèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
    • Yale: chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
    • Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sing⁶
    • Yale: sihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēng
    • Tâi-lô: sīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʑɨŋ^H/

Rime
Character	乘
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	實證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋH/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乘
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ zyingH ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	vehicle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乘
Reading #	2/2
No.	1458
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乗
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋs/

Definitions

乘

1. (literary) war chariot drawn by four horses; (imperial) carriage
2. (literary) Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
3. (literary) history book

   史乘  ―  shǐshèng  ―  historical records

4. (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana

Compounds

Derived terms from 乘

• 三乘
• 上乘 (shàngchéng)
• 下乘 (xiàchéng)
• 二乘
• 千乘 (qiānshèng)
• 卒乘
• 史乘
• 大乘 (Dàchéng)
• 大乘佛教 (Dàchéng Fójiào)

• 家乘
• 小乘 (xiǎochéng)
• 小乘戒
• 照乘珠
• 百乘之家 (bǎishèng zhī jiā)
• 野乘
• 乘輿／乘舆 (shèngyú)
• 乘馬／乘马 (shèngmǎ)
• 傳乘／传乘

• 千乘萬騎／千乘万骑 (qiānshèngwànqí)
• 大乘經典／大乘经典
• 攝大乘論／摄大乘论
• 晉乘楚杌／晋乘楚杌
• 萬乘／万乘 (wànshèng)
• 萬乘之國／万乘之国
• 萬乘之尊／万乘之尊
• 負乘致寇／负乘致寇
• 驂乘／骖乘

References

• “乘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	乗
Kyūjitai	乘

Kanji

乘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: のる (noru, 乘る); のり (nori, 乘り); のせる (noseru, 乘せる)

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Korean

Hanja

乘 (eumhun 탈 승 (tal seung))

1. to mount, to ride
2. to take (a form of transport)
3. (arithmetic) exponent

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乘

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Vietnamese

Han character

乘: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, thặng, thắng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation