乘

See also: 乗, 椉, and 埀

乘	U+4E58, 乘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58

← 乗
[U+4E57]

CJK Unified Ideographs

乙 →
[U+4E59]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese	乗
Simplified	乘
Traditional	乘

Han character[edit]

乘 (radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 2090₁, composition ⿻禾北)

Derived characters[edit]

剩, 塖, 嵊, 溗, 騬, 𢾽, 𨝄, 𪳕, 𦟇, 𦶝, 𧪝, 𨍱, 𤳁, 𬟯, 𬨾

Descendants[edit]

(chiefly Japan): 乗

References[edit]

KangXi: page 83, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
Unihan data for U+4E58

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		乘
alternative forms		乗椉

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乘

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j14101	j14102	j14103	j14104	j14105	j14106	j14107	j14108
j14109	j14110	j14111	j14112	j14113	j14114	j14115	j14116
j14117	j14118	j14119	j14120	j14121	j14122	j14123	j14124
j14125	j14126	j14127	j14128	j14129	j14130	j14131	j14132
j14133	j14134	j14135	j14136	j14137

**Bronze inscriptions**
b08546	b08547	b08548	b08549	b08550	b08551	b08552	b08553
b08554	b08555	b08556	b08557	b08558	b08559	b08560

**Small seal script**
s03944	s03945

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L33335	L33336	L33337	L33338	L33339	L33340	L33341	L33342
L33343	L33344	L11109	L11110	L11111	L11112	L11113	L11114
L11115	L11116	L11117	L11118	L11119	L11120	L11121	L11122
L11123

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
乘	ɦljɯŋ, ɦljɯŋs
溗	*ɦljɯŋ
塖	*ɦljɯŋ
騬	*ɦljɯŋ
椉	*ɦljɯŋ
剩	*ɦljɯŋs
嵊	*ɦljɯŋs

Pictogram (象形) – climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 + 北 (tree + top, feet).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
Min Dong (BUC): sìng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): tshen (T2); zen (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: chéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴
  - Yale: sìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng
  - Tâi-lô: sîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tshen (T2); zen (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəɲ³⁴/, /z̻əɲ²³/

Note:

2tshen - vernacular;
3zen - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 乘
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法 /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən³¹/ /t͡sʰən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zeŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/seŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/seŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/siŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/siŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/siŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/seŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/seŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʑɨŋ/

Rime
Character	乘
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食陵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shéng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乘
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ zying ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ/
English	ride (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乘
Reading #	1/2
No.	1452
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繩
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

乘

^† to ascend; to go up
^† to mount; to ride
to take (a form of transport)
to make use of; to take advantage of
乘機 / 乘机 ― chéngjī ― to seize the opportunity
^† to pursue; to attack
(arithmetic) to multiply
二乘八等於十六。 / 二乘八等于十六。 ― Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù. ― Two times eight equals sixteen.

Antonym: 除 (chú)
(arithmetic) multiplication
加減乘除 / 加减乘除 ― jiā jiǎn chéng chú ― addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
A surname.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 乘

三乘比
乘亂／乘乱
乘亂坐大／乘乱坐大
乘人不備／乘人不备
乘人之危
乘人之厄
乘便
乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
乘傳／乘传
乘其不備／乘其不备
乘其不意
乘冪／乘幂
乘凶完配
乘務員／乘务员 (chéngwùyuán)
乘勝追擊／乘胜追击 (chéngshèngzhuījī)
乘勝逐北／乘胜逐北
乘勢／乘势 (chéngshì)
乘化
乘危
乘員／乘员 (chéngyuán)
乘坐 (chéngzuò)
乘堅策肥／乘坚策肥
乘堅驅良／乘坚驱良
乘夜 (chéngyè)
乘奔御風／乘奔御风
乘客 (chéngkè)
乘數／乘数 (chéngshù)
乘方 (chéngfāng)
乘時／乘时 (chéngshí)
乘月 (chéngyuè)
乘桴
乘槎
乘機／乘机 (chéngjī)
乘機坐大／乘机坐大
乘機應變／乘机应变
乘法 (chéngfǎ)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèng, chéng (sheng⁴, cheng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ, ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
Min Dong (BUC): sêng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: chéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁶
  - Yale: sihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēng
  - Tâi-lô: sīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʑɨŋ^H/

Rime
Character	乘
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	實證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乘
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ zying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	vehicle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乘
Reading #	2/2
No.	1458
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乗
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋs/

Definitions[edit]

乘

^† Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
^† history book
(Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 乘

三乘
上乘 (shàngchéng)
下乘
乘馬／乘马 (chéngmǎ)
二乘
傳乘／传乘
千乘 (qiānshèng)
千乘萬騎／千乘万骑 (qiānshèng wàn jì)
卒乘

史乘
大乘 (Dàchéng)
大乘佛教 (Dàchéng Fójiào)
大乘經典／大乘经典
家乘
小乘 (xiǎochéng)
小乘戒
攝大乘論／摄大乘论
晉乘楚杌／晋乘楚杌

References[edit]

“乘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	乗
Kyūjitai	乘

Kanji[edit]

乘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: じょう (jō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kun: のる (noru, 乘る); のり (nori, 乘り); のせる (noseru, 乘せる)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乘 (eumhun 탈 승 (tal seung))

to mount, to ride
to take (a form of transport)
(arithmetic) exponent

References[edit]

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乘

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乘: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, thặng, thắng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Nom Foundation

乘

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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