剩

See also: 剰 and 賸

剩 U+5269, 剩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5269 ← 剨 [U+5268] CJK Unified Ideographs 剪 → [U+526A]

Translingual

Japanese	剰
Simplified	剩
Traditional	剩

Han character

剩 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 竹心中弓 (HPLN), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰乘刂)

Descendants

• 剰

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2109
• Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 350, character 10
• Unihan data for U+5269

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
乘	*ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs
溗	*ɦljɯŋ
塖	*ɦljɯŋ
騬	*ɦljɯŋ
椉	*ɦljɯŋ
剩	*ɦljɯŋs
嵊	*ɦljɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦljɯŋs): phonetic 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs) + semantic 刀.

Etymology 1

trad.		剩
simp. #		剩
2nd round simp.		⿰生刂
alternative forms		賸 剰 𪟏 𠟇 𠝍

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèng (sheng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁶ / zing⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵ / ding⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zan; ⁶zen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen⁵ / shen⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
    • Yale: shèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing⁶ / zing⁶
    • Yale: sihng / jihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁶ / dzing⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁶ / jing⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²²/, /t͡sɪŋ²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ding⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ¹¹/

Note:

• sing5 - vernacular;
• ding5 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
    • Tâi-lô: sīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sin
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēng
    • Tâi-lô: sīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ³³/

Note:

• sīn - vernacular;
• sēng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sing⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zan; ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zan^去; zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan; ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/, /zən²³/

Note:

• 3zan - vernacular;
• 3zen - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shen⁵ / shen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂən²¹/, /ʂən⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sən²¹/, /sən⁴⁵/

Note:

• shen5 - vernacular;
• shen4 - literary.

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剩
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂəŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂəŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂəŋ⁵³/ /səŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂəŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂəŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʂə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂəŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sən³⁵/
	Chengdu	/sən¹³/
	Guiyang	/sen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂə̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁴/ /ʂən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʂən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zeŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən⁵⁵/ /ʂən¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/ʂən²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/seŋ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡seŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/siŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siŋ²²/ /sin²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/seiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/teŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: zyingH

Rime
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	實證切
Baxter	zyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋH/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ zyingH ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	left over
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
No.	1457
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乗
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋs/
Notes	集韻賸注俗字

Definitions

剩

1. to be left; to remain
2. (literary, or in compounds) extra; leftover
3. a surname, Sheng

Synonyms

• (to be left):

edit

• 伸下 (chhûn-hâ) (Hakka)
• 剩下 (shèngxià)
• 剩低 (zing⁶ dai¹) (Cantonese)
• 挺 (Shanghainese)
• 殘留 / 残留 (cánliú)
• 餘 / 余
• 餘下 / 余下 (yúxià)

Dialectal synonyms of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		剩, 剩餘
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	剩
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	剩
	Xi'an	剩
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	剩
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	剩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	剩
	Hong Kong	剩
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	伸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	伸
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	伸
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	伸
Southern Min	Xiamen	伸
	Quanzhou	偆
	Zhangzhou	伸, 偆
	Manila (Hokkien)	伸
	Puning	存
Wu	Shanghai	剩, 挺, 挺剩
	Danyang	剩
	Ningbo	剩

• (extra):

edit

• 冗 (rǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 冗長 / 冗长 (rǒngzhàng) (archaic)
• 冗餘 / 冗余 (rǒngyú)
• 噠浪 / 哒浪 (dag⁴ nng⁷) (Teochew)
• 多餘 / 多余 (duōyú)

Compounds

• 下剩
• 人口過剩 / 人口过剩 (rénkǒu guòshèng)
• 剩下 (shèngxià)
• 剩女 (shèngnǚ)
• 剩水殘山 / 剩水残山 (shèng shuǐ cán shān)
• 剩磁 (shèngcí)
• 剩菜 (shèngcài)
• 剩頭兒 / 剩头儿
• 剩飯 / 剩饭 (shèngfàn)
• 剩餘 / 剩余 (shèngyú)
• 剩餘價值 / 剩余价值 (shèngyújiàzhí)
• 剩魄殘魂 / 剩魄残魂
• 所剩無幾 / 所剩无几 (suǒshèngwújǐ)
• 武昌剩竹
• 殘山剩水 / 残山剩水
• 殘湯剩飯 / 残汤剩饭
• 殘羹剩飯 / 残羹剩饭 (cángēngshèngfàn)
• 殘茶剩飯 / 残茶剩饭 (cáncháshèngfàn)
• 過剩 / 过剩 (guòshèng)
• 餘膏剩馥 / 余膏剩馥

Etymology 2

trad.		剩
simp. #		剩

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun

---

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
    • Tâi-lô: tshun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Definitions

剩

1. (Hakka, Hokkien) alternative form of 伸 (“to be left; to remain”)

References

• “剩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “剩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “剩”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 263.

Japanese

Shinjitai	剰
Kyūjitai	剩

Kanji

剩

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剰)

1. leftover, remainder, residue

Readings

• On (unclassified): じょう (jō)
• Kun: あまる (amaru, 剩る)、あまり (amari, 剩り)、あまつさえ (amatsusae, 剩え)

Korean

Hanja

剩 (eum 잉 (ing))

1. leftover
2. remainder
3. residue

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• 賸 (thặng)

Han character

剩: Hán Việt readings: thặng

1. chữ Hán form of thặng (“surplus; remainder”)

Compounds

• 剩餘 (thặng dư)