乖

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See also: ⿻千⿱卄一
乖 U+4E56, 乖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E56
← 乕
[U+4E55] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乗 →
[U+4E57]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese ⿻千⿱卄一
Simplified 乖
Traditional 乖
Stroke order
Stroke order
Japan

Han character[edit]

乖 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹十中心 (HJLP), four-corner 20111, composition ⿻千北)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 149
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 38, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+4E56

Chinese[edit]

trad. 乖
simp. # 乖
alternative forms 𠁰
𦮃
𠂯

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script

s02657

Transcribed ancient scripts

L30930

L30931

L30932

L03756

L03757

L03758

L03759

L03760

L03761

L03762

L03763

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: 1kuae - Literary reading.
Rime
Character 乖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 皆 (34)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古懷切
Baxter kweaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠuɛi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwəɨj/
Li
Rong 		/kuɛi/
Wang
Li 		/kwɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwaai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guāi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwɛj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷˁrəj/
English oppose; disorder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乖
Reading # 1/1
No. 4401
Phonetic
component 		乖
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		乖
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷrɯːl/

Definitions[edit]

乖

  1. clever; alert
  2. (usually of a child or animal) well-behaved; docile; obedient; nice; untroublesome
    你個仔真係好乖。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你个仔真系好乖。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 go3 zai2 zan1 hai6 hou2 gwaai1. [Jyutping]
    Your son is very well-behaved.
    唔好喊啦。乖～。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    m4 hou2 haam3 laa1. gwaai1 ~. [Jyutping]
    Don't cry, OK? (talking to a child)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to violate; to rebel
  4. (literary, or in compounds) to separate; to split
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to break off; to cut off
  6. (literary, or in compounds) difference; mistake
  7. (literary, or in compounds) unnatural; strange
    乖戾  ―  guāilì  ―  perverse (of behaviour); disagreeable (of character)
  8. (Sichuanese, Xiang) beautiful

Usage notes[edit]

  • Unlike English obedient, 乖 is a positive compliment when used to describe a child. On the contrary, it is similarly disparaging when used for adults.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (clever):
  • (well-behaved):
  • (to violate):
  • (beautiful):
Dialectal synonyms of 漂亮 (“good-looking; beautiful; pretty”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 漂亮, 好看, 美, 美麗, 美觀, 佳
Mandarin Beijing 好看, 漂亮, 俊
Taiwan 好看, 漂亮
Tianjin 好看, 漂亮
Tangshan 好看
Cangzhou 好看, 漂亮, 俊
Baoding 好看, 漂亮
Shijiazhuang 好看
Chifeng 好看, 漂亮, 標緻
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 好看, 漂亮
Harbin 好看, 漂亮, 俊, 美
Shenyang 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻
Yantai (Muping) 俊
Qingdao 漂亮, 俊
Jinan 好看, 漂亮, 俊, 俊巴, 美
Luoyang 好看, 漂亮, 美, 標緻
Wanrong 好看
Zhengzhou 漂亮, 標緻, 好看, 齊整
Xi'an 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 嫽, 排場, 心疼
Yinchuan 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 俊
Lanzhou 好看, 漂亮, 美, 俊
Xining 好看, 標緻, 俊, 秀溜
Ürümqi 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 翠活
Wuhan 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 體面, 寧馨, 標, 媌, 刮氣, 美
Chengdu 好看, 漂亮, 乖, 抻抖, 抻展
Chongqing 美, 好看, 漂亮, 乖, 抻抖
Guiyang 抻透, 抻展, 好看, 漂亮, 秀氣
Kunming 好看, 漂亮, 標緻
Guilin 漂亮
Liuzhou 美, 好看, 漂亮, 靚2, 㜺
Xuzhou 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 俊, 冠冕, 辦事
Yangzhou 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 不醜
Nanjing 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 不醜
Hefei 美, 漂亮, 好看, 格式, 排場
Nantong 好看, 漂亮
Singapore 美, 好看, 漂亮, 美麗
Cantonese Guangzhou 靚2, 好睇, 好樣
Hong Kong 靚2, 好睇
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 靚2
Macau 靚2
Guangzhou (Panyu) 靚2
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 靚2
Guangzhou (Conghua) 靚2
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 靚2
Foshan 靚2
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 靚2
Foshan (Shunde) 靚2
Foshan (Sanshui) 靚2
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 靚2
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 靚2
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 靚2
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 靚2
Zhuhai (Doumen) 靚2
Jiangmen (Baisha) 靚2
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 靚2
Taishan 靚2
Kaiping (Chikan) 靚2
Enping (Niujiang) 靚2
Heshan (Yayao) 靚2
Dongguan 靚2, 好樣
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 靚2
Yangjiang 好看, 好樣, 靚2, 整齊
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 靚2
Penang (Guangfu) 靚2
Singapore (Guangfu) 靚2
Gan Nanchang 客氣, 好看, 漂亮, 齊整
Lichuan 好看
Pingxiang 好看, 客氣, 漂亮, 標緻, 標
Hakka Meixian 好看, 靚2, 靚3, 僐, 勁, 趣, 端, 標緻, 儒雅
Xingning 靚2
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 靚2
Huiyang 靚2
Huidong (Daling) 靚2
Dongguan (Qingxi) 靚2
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 靚2
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 靚2
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 靚2
Wuhua (Huacheng) 俏, 靚2
Wuhua (Changbu) 靚2
Wuhua (Mianyang) 靚3
Heyuan (Bendihua) 靚2
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 靚3
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 排場
Liannan 靚2
Conghua (Lütian) 靚2
Jiexi 靚2
Changting 靚3
Wuping 靚3
Wuping (Pingyu) 靚3
Liancheng 靚3
Ninghua 靚3
Yudu 標緻, 齊整
Ruijin 靚3
Shicheng 像, 標緻, 好看
Shangyou (Shexi) 靚2, 整, 標緻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 靚3
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鬧, 靚3
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 靚3
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 靚3
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 靚3
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 靚3
Hong Kong 靚2
Luchuan 靚2
Senai (Huiyang) 靚2
Kuching (Hepo) 靚3
Huizhou Jixi 好看, 標緻, 漂亮
Shexian 好看, 漂亮
Jin Taiyuan 好看, 襲人, 客戲, 漂亮
Xinzhou 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 爽整, 襲人, 緻氣
Linhe 美, 襲人, 好看, 漂亮
Jining 好看, 襲人
Hohhot 好看, 襲人, 俊, 漂亮
Zhangjiakou 美, 好看, 漂亮, 俊
Handan 美, 好看, 漂亮, 俊俏, 俊
Northern Min Jian'ou 好覷, 雅式, 生得好
Eastern Min Fuzhou 俊, 生得好, 卓佳, 好看, 漂亮
Singapore (Fuqing) 俊
Southern Min Xiamen 媠, 好看
Xiamen (Tong'an) 媠, 俏
Quanzhou 媠, 媠靡, 㜅, 好看
Jinjiang 媠, 㜅
Shishi 媠
Anxi 媠
Zhangzhou 媠, 好看
Zhao'an 媠
Dongshan 媠
Taipei 媠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 媠
Kaohsiung 媠
Tainan 媠
Kinmen 媠
Penghu (Magong) 媠
Penang (Hokkien) 媠
Singapore (Hokkien) 媠, 俏
Manila (Hokkien) 媠, 好看, 㜅
Longyan 媠
Pingnan (Shangdu) 靚2
Chaozhou 雅, 好睇
Shantou 雅, 媠, 好睇
Shantou (Chenghai) 雅, 媠
Shantou (Chaoyang) 雅
Jieyang 雅, 媠, 如雅
Lufeng 媠, 生好
Haifeng 媠, 生好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 雅
Singapore (Teochew) 雅
Leizhou 清楚
Wenchang 靚4, 好望
Haikou 靚4, 靚2, 靚仔, 雅目, 都緻
Qionghai 靚4
Singapore (Hainanese) 靚4
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 靚2, 好覷
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 㜺, 靚2
Wu Shanghai 漂亮, 好看, 好看相, 標緻
Shanghai (Chongming) 標緻, 樣式, 登樣
Suzhou 好看, 標緻, 登樣, 漂亮
Danyang 好看, 漂亮, 標緻
Hangzhou 好看, 漂亮
Ningbo 好看, 漂亮, 㜅, 㜅門, 㜅頭, 出格, 架勢, 細巧, 細相, 登樣
Wenzhou 好覷, 生好, 骨切
Jinhua 好望, 俏, 漂亮
Xiang Changsha 好看, 漂亮, 腆靦, 乖
Loudi 漂亮
Shuangfeng 好看, 漂亮

Antonyms[edit]

  • (antonym(s) of "clever"):
  • (antonym(s) of "well-behaved"): (Cantonese) 曳 (jai5)

See also[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai
(extended)

⿻千⿱卄一

Kyūjitai

乖

Kanji[edit]

乖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿻千⿱卄一)

  1. to diverge, to disobey, to go against

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乖 (eumhun 어그러질 괴 (eogeureojil goe))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乖: Hán Nôm readings: quai, quay

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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