社
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
社 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈火土 (IFG), four-corner 34210, composition ⿰礻土)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 839, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24631
- Dae Jaweon: page 1257, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2386, character 7
- Unihan data for U+793E
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
社 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 䄕 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 社 | |||||
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| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 示 (“god; deity”) + 土 (“soil”)
Etymology[edit]
Probably related to 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, “earth, soil”); Takashima (2004) considers them an etymological doublet.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
社
- (historical) god of the soil
- 共工氏之霸九州也，其子曰后土，能平九州，故祀以為社。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Gònggōng shì zhī bà Jiǔzhōu yě, qí zǐ yuē hòutǔ, néng píng Jiǔzhōu, gù sì yǐwéi shè. [Pinyin]
- Hou-tu, a son of the line of Gong-gong, that swayed the nine provinces, who was able to reduce them all to order, and was sacrificed to as the spirit of the ground.
共工氏之霸九州也，其子曰后土，能平九州，故祀以为社。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) altar for offering sacrifices to the god of the soil
- 昭子曰：「日有食之，天子不舉，伐鼓於社，諸侯用幣於社，伐鼓於朝，禮也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhāozǐ yuē: “Rì yǒu shí zhī, tiānzǐ bùjǔ, fágǔ yú shè, zhūhóu yòng bì yú shè, fágǔ yú cháo, lǐ yě.” [Pinyin]
- Zhaozi said, "On the occurrence of an eclipse, the son of Heaven does not have his table fully spread, and causes the drum to be beaten at the alter of the land, while the princes of States present offerings of silk at that altar, and cause the drum to be beaten in their courts. This is the rule".
昭子曰：“日有食之，天子不举，伐鼓于社，诸侯用币于社，伐鼓于朝，礼也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) festival for offering sacrifices to the god of the soil
- 春社 ― chūnshè ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- (historical) to offer sacrifices to the god of the soil
- 越翼日戊午，乃社于新邑。牛一，羊一，豕一。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Yuè yìrì wùwǔ, nǎi shè yú xīnyì. Niú yī, yáng yī, shǐ yī. [Pinyin]
- and on the morrow, Wu-wu, at the altar to the spirit of the land in the new city, he sacrificed a bull, a ram, and a boar.
- (historical) an ancient grass-root administrative unit
- organized body; society; association
- agency (used for certain agencies that provide services)
- 旅行社 ― lǚxíngshè ― travel agency
- a surname: She
- (in Vietnam) commune (third level division along with wards and commune-level towns)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 社
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Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
| Shinjitai | 社 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
社 社or 社+ ︀?
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| 社󠄁 社+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 社󠄃 社+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji[edit]
社
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 社)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: じゃ (ja)
- Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
- Kun: やしろ (yashiro, 社, Jōyō); こそ (koso, 社)
- Nanori: あり (ari); こそ (koso); たか (taka)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 社 |
| しゃ Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 社 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 社 (MC d͡ʑiaX).
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- Short for 会社 (kaisha): company, co.
- 毎日新聞社 ― Mainichi Shinbun-sha ― The Mainichi Newspapers [Company]
- Note: when in parentheses, it is an abbreviation of 社団法人 (shadan hōjin), a type of incorporated association.
- (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal settlement
- Coordinate term: 庄 (shō, “Han settlement”)
Coordinate terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 社 |
| やしろ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 社 (kyūjitai) |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 社 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 社, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 社 (MC d͡ʑiaX).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 썅〯 (Yale: ssyǎ) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 샤직 (Yale: syacik) | 샤 (Yale: sya) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [사]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- rural commune (administrative subdivision of Vietnam)
Compounds[edit]
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