commune

See also: Commune

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). See also community, communion, common.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kŏm'yo͞on, IPA^(key): /ˈkɒmjuːn/
• (US) enPR: käm'yo͞on, IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmjuːn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)

1. A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community.
   • 1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China‎^[1], published 2015, →ISBN, LCCN 76017395, OCLC 1020152418, OL 28808561M, page 148:

     The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that "educated youths must go to the villages," has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.

2. A local political division in many European countries.
3. (obsolete) The commonalty; the common people.
4. (uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends.
   • 1849, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1850, OCLC 3968433, (please specify |part=prologue or epilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):

     For days of happy commune dead.

Translations

small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community

• Arabic: مَشَاعِيَّة‎ f (mašāʿiyya)
• Armenian: համայնք (hy) (hamaynkʿ)
• Bulgarian: кому́на f (komúna)
• Finnish: kommuuni (fi)
• Greek: κοινόβιο (el) n (koinóvio)
• Hebrew: קבוצה \ קְבוּצָה‎ (he) f (kvutsá), קיבוץ \ קִבּוּץ‎ (he) m (kibúts)

• Ido: komono (io)
• Indonesian: komune (id)
• Khmer: ឃុំ (km) (khum), សង្កាត់ (km) (sɑngkat)
• Russian: общи́на (ru) f (obščína)
• Spanish: comuna (es) f
• Swedish: byalag

local political division in many European countries

• Armenian: կոմունա (hy) (komuna)
• Bulgarian: община́ f (obštiná)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 市镇 (si⁵ zan³)

  Mandarin: 市镇 (zh) (shìzhèn), 市镇 (zh) (shìzhèn)

• Corsican: cumune m, cumuna f
• Czech: obec (cs) f
• Danish: kommune (da) c
• Finnish: kunta (fi)
• Franco-Provençal: comena
• French: commune (fr) f
• German: Gemeinde (de) f, Kommune (de) f

• Greek: κοινότητα (el) f (koinótita)
• Indonesian: komune (id)
• Italian: comune (it) m, comuna f
• Khmer: សង្កាត់ (km) (sɑngkat), ឃុំ (km) (khum)
• Macedonian: општина f (opština)
• Occitan: comuna (oc) f
• Polish: gmina (pl) f
• Russian: комму́на (ru) f (kommúna), общи́на (ru) f (obščína)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: о̏пћина f

  Roman: ȍpćina (sh) f

• Slovak: obec (sk) f
• Spanish: comuna (es) f, municipio (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} kommúna f

Etymology 2

From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.

Pronunciation

• enPR: kəmyo͞on', IPA^(key): /kəˈmjuːn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Verb

commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)

1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
   • c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “Measvre for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii]:

     I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.

2. (intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb.

   He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.

3. (Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion.
   • 1679-1715, Gilbert Burnet, History of the Reformation

     Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the people whole communers, or in suffering them to commune under both kinds […]

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌkɔˈmynə/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: com‧mu‧ne
• Rhymes: -ynə

Noun

commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)

1. A commune (community living together with common property).

Descendants

• → Indonesian: komune

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ.myn/

• audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.

Noun

commune f (plural communes)

1. commune (administrative subdivision)

Descendants

• → Danish: kommune
• → German: Kommune
• → Norwegian Bokmål: kommune
• → Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune
• → Russian: комму́на (kommúna)
• → Swedish: kommun

Etymology 2

Adjective

commune

1. feminine singular of commun

Further reading

• “commune”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Italian

Adjective

commune (plural communi)

1. Obsolete form of comune.

Noun

commune m (plural communi)

1. Obsolete form of comune.

Derived terms

• communità

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Latin

Noun

commūne n (genitive commūnis); third declension

1. joint, common or public property and rights
2. public places and interests
3. common feature, characteristic, general rule or terms
4. general

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	commūne	commūnia
Genitive	commūnis	commūnium
Dative	commūnī	commūnibus
Accusative	commūne	commūnia
Ablative	commūnī	commūnibus
Vocative	commūne	commūnia

Adjective

commūne

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of commūnis

References

• “commune”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “commune”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• commune in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• commune in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
    
  • (ambiguous) unanimously: uno, communi, summo or omnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35)
    
  • (ambiguous) the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech: communis sermonis consuetudo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think: multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere
    
• Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti

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Middle English

Noun

commune

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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