commune
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). See also community, communion, common.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kŏm'yo͞on, IPA(key): /ˈkɒmjuːn/
- (US) enPR: käm'yo͞on, IPA(key): /ˈkɑmjuːn/
Audio (US) (file)
Noun[edit]
commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)
- A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community.
- 1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China[1], published 2015, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148:
- The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that "educated youths must go to the villages," has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.
- A local political division in many European countries.
- (obsolete) The commonalty; the common people.
- (uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends.
- 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=prologue or epilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):
- For days of happy commune dead.
- (historical) A self-governing city or league of citizens.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)
- To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
- c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
- I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.
- (intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb.
- He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.
- (Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion.
- 1681, Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], →OCLC, page 207:
- Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the People whole Communers, or in suffering them to Commune under both kinds […]
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin [Term?].
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)
- A commune (community living together with common property).
Descendants[edit]
- → Indonesian: komune
French[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.
Noun[edit]
commune f (plural communes)
- commune (administrative subdivision)
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Adjective[edit]
commune
Further reading[edit]
- “commune”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian[edit]
Adjective[edit]
commune (plural communi)
Noun[edit]
commune m (plural communi)
Derived terms[edit]
Latin[edit]
Noun[edit]
commūne n (genitive commūnis); third declension
- joint, common or public property and rights
- public places and interests
- common feature, characteristic, general rule or terms
- general
- (Medieval Latin) league or corporation of citizens
- (Medieval Latin) a universal tax
Declension[edit]
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | commūne | commūnia |
Genitive | commūnis | commūnium |
Dative | commūnī | commūnibus |
Accusative | commūne | commūnia |
Ablative | commūnī | commūnibus |
Vocative | commūne | commūnia |
Adjective[edit]
commūne
References[edit]
- “commune”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “commune”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- commune in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- commune in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
- (ambiguous) unanimously: uno, communi, summo or omnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35)
- (ambiguous) the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech: communis sermonis consuetudo
- (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think: multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere
- (ambiguous) we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
- Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti
Middle English[edit]
Noun[edit]
commune
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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