吐

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吐 U+5410, 吐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410
← 吏
[U+540F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 向 →
[U+5411]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

吐 (radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 64010, composition ⿰口土)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 176, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5410

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 吐

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twa (“to spit”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: tou2 - rare.
Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他魯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɔX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰoX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁaʔ/
English eject from mouth, spit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
No. 12500
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		土
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːʔ/
Definitions[edit]

吐

  1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
  2. to say; to tell; to pour out
  3. A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 吐 (“to spit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吐
Mandarin Beijing 吐
Taiwan 吐
Jinan 吐
Wanrong 吐
Xi'an 吐
Xining 吐
Wuhan 吐
Chengdu 吐
Guiyang 吐
Xuzhou 吐
Yangzhou 吐
Nanjing 吐
Hefei 吐
Singapore 吐
Cantonese Guangzhou 吐, 𦧲
Hong Kong 吐, 𦧲
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 𦧲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 吐
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 吐
Taishan 吐, 𦧲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 吐
Gan Nanchang 吐
Lichuan 吐
Pingxiang 吐
Hakka Meixian 唾, 哯
Dongguan (Qingxi) 吐
Wengyuan 啡
Liannan 吐
Jiexi 啡
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 啡
Changting 吐
Wuping (Yanqian) 啡
Ninghua 吐
Ningdu 吐
Tonggu (Sandu) 吐
Ganzhou (Panlong) 吐
Dayu 吐
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哯
Liudui (S. Sixian) 哯
Hsinchu (Hailu) 哯
Dongshi (Dabu) 哯
Hsinchu (Raoping) 哯
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 吐, 哯
Hong Kong 吐
Yangxi (Tangkou) 啡
Yangchun (Sanjia) 吐
Xinyi (Sihe) 啡
Xinyi (Qianpai) 啡
Gaozhou (Xindong) 啡
Dianbai (Shalang) 吐
Huazhou (Xin'an) 啡
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 啡
Lianjiang (Qingping) 唾
Mengshan (Xihe) 吐
Senai (Huiyang) 呸
Huizhou Jixi 吐
Jin Taiyuan 吐
Min Bei Jian'ou 吐
Min Dong Fuzhou 啡
Changle 啡
Fuqing 啡
Yongtai 啡
Gutian 啡
Fu'an 啡
Ningde 啡
Shouning 啡
Zhouning 啡
Fuding 啡
Min Nan Xiamen 呸
Quanzhou 呸
Yongchun 呸
Zhangzhou 呸
Taipei 呸
Kaohsiung 呸
Singapore (Hokkien) 呸
Manila (Hokkien) 呸
Chaozhou 呸
Jieyang 呸
Bangkok (Teochew) 吐
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 吐
Leizhou 吐
Haikou 呸
Wu Suzhou 吐
Danyang 吐
Wenzhou 吐
Xiang Changsha 吐
Shuangfeng 吐
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 吐

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 湯故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɔH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰoH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁaʔ-s/
English vomit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
No. 12502
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		菟
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːs/
Definitions[edit]

吐

  1. to vomit; to throw up
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 嘔吐
Mandarin Beijing 吐
Taiwan 吐
Harbin 吐
Muping 嘔
Jinan 吐
Wanrong 吐
Xi'an 吐
Yinchuan 吐
Lanzhou 吐
Xining 吐
Ürümqi 吐
Wuhan 吐, 嘔, 哇
Chengdu 吐, 發吐, 嘔吐
Guiyang 吐
Guilin 吐
Liuzhou 吐
Yangzhou 吐, 噁
Nanjing 吐
Hefei 吐
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 吐
Cantonese Guangzhou 嘔
Hong Kong 嘔
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 嘔
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 嘔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 嘔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 嘔
Macau 嘔
Panyu 嘔
Huadu (Huashan) 嘔
Conghua 嘔
Zengcheng 嘔
Foshan 嘔
Nanhai (Shatou) 嘔
Shunde 嘔
Sanshui 嘔
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 嘔
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嘔
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 嘔
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 嘔
Doumen 嘔
Jiangmen (Baisha) 嘔
Xinhui 嘔
Taishan 嘔
Kaiping (Chikan) 嘔
Enping (Niujiang) 嘔
Heshan (Yayao) 嘔
Dongguan 嘔
Bao'an (Shajing) 嘔
Yangjiang 嘔
Nanning 嘔
Wuzhou 嘔
Yulin 發嘔
Hepu (Lianzhou) 嘔
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嘔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 嘔
Gan Nanchang 嘔
Lichuan 吐
Pingxiang 嘔, 吐
Hakka Meixian 嘔, 翻
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 嘔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 嘔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 發嘔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 嘔
Conghua (Lütian) 嘔
Yudu 嘔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Liudui (S. Sixian) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Hsinchu (Hailu) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Dongshi (Dabu) 噁, 翻, 翻肚
Hsinchu (Raoping) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 吐, 貶腹
Luchuan (Daqiao) 吐
Senai (Huiyang) 嘔
Huizhou Jixi 吐
Jin Taiyuan 吐
Xinzhou 吐
Min Bei Jian'ou 吐
Min Dong Fuzhou 吐, 嘔, 哊, 嘔吐
Fuqing 吐
Min Nan Xiamen 吐
Quanzhou 吐
Zhangzhou 吐
Dongshan 吐
Taipei 吐
Kaohsiung 吐
Manila (Hokkien) 吐
Zhangping (Yongfu) 發吐
Pingnan (Shangdu) 嘔
Chaozhou 吐
Shantou 嘔噦
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 吐
Leizhou 吐
Wenchang 吐
Haikou 吐
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 噦, 嘔
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 吐
Wu Shanghai 嘔
Chongming 嘔
Suzhou 嘔
Hangzhou 冒
Danyang 吐
Ningbo 冒
Wenzhou 吐
Jinhua 吐
Xiang Changsha 嘔
Shuangfeng 嘔
Quanzhou 嘔
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

吐

  1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 吐 – see 捅 (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”).
(This character, 吐, is a variant form of 捅.)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

吐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

吐 (eum 토 (to))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Noun[edit]

吐 (토, to)

  1. An affixal letter used in kwukyel.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

吐: Hán Nôm readings: thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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