吐

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吐 U+5410, 吐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410
← 吏
[U+540F]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 向 →
[U+5411]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

吐 (radical 30 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 64010, composition ⿰口土)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 176, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 576, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5410

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 吐

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 ɦljaːʔ
肚 ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 l'aːʔ
靯 l'aːʔ
荰 l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ) – to spew from the mouth.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twa (“to spit”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: tou2 - rare.
Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他魯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰɔX/
Li
Rong		 /tʰoX/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰˤaʔ/
English eject from mouth, spit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
No. 12500
Phonetic
component		 土
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 土
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ʰaːʔ/
Definitions[edit]

吐

  1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
  2. to say; to tell; to pour out
  3. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 吐 (“to spit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吐
Mandarin Beijing 吐
Taiwan 吐
Jinan 吐
Xi'an 吐
Wuhan 吐
Chengdu 吐
Yangzhou 吐
Hefei 吐
Cantonese Guangzhou 吐、𦧲
Hong Kong 吐、𦧲
Taishan 吐、𦧲
Gan Nanchang 吐
Hakka Meixian 唾、哯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哯
Liudui (S. Sixian) 哯
Hsinchu (Hailu) 哯
Dongshi (Dabu) 哯
Zhuolan (Raoping) 哯
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 吐、哯
Jin Taiyuan 吐
Min Bei Jian'ou 吐
Min Dong Fuzhou 啡
Min Nan Xiamen 呸
Quanzhou 呸
Zhangzhou 呸
Taipei 呸
Kaohsiung 呸
Philippines (Manila) 呸
Chaozhou 呸
Wu Suzhou 吐
Wenzhou 吐
Xiang Changsha 吐
Shuangfeng 吐
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 吐

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 湯故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuoH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuoH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰɔH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰoH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thuH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰˤaʔ-s/
English vomit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
No. 12502
Phonetic
component		 土
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 菟
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ʰaːs/
Definitions[edit]

吐

  1. to vomit; to throw up
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 嘔吐
Mandarin Beijing 吐
Taiwan 吐
Jinan 吐
Xi'an 吐
Wuhan 嘔、吐、哇
Chengdu 吐、發吐
Yangzhou 吐、噁
Hefei 吐
Cantonese Guangzhou 嘔
Hong Kong 嘔
Taishan 嘔
Yangjiang 嘔
Gan Nanchang 嘔
Hakka Meixian 嘔、翻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嘔、翻、翻肚
Liudui (S. Sixian) 嘔、翻、翻肚
Hsinchu (Hailu) 嘔、翻、翻肚
Dongshi (Dabu) 噁、翻、翻肚
Zhuolan (Raoping) 嘔、翻、翻肚
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 吐、貶腹
Jin Taiyuan 吐
Min Bei Jian'ou 吐
Min Dong Fuzhou 吐、哊、嘔
Min Nan Xiamen 吐
Quanzhou 吐
Zhangzhou 吐
Taipei 吐
Kaohsiung 吐
Chaozhou 吐
Wu Suzhou 嘔
Wenzhou 吐
Xiang Changsha 嘔
Shuangfeng 嘔
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

吐

  1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 吐 – see 捅 (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”).
(This character, 吐, is a variant form of 捅.)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

吐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

吐 • (to) (hangeul 토, revised to, McCune-Reischauer t'o, Yale tho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Noun[edit]

吐 (토, to)

  1. An affixal letter used in kwukyel.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

吐 (thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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