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U+5410, 吐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410

[U+540F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5411]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 64010, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 176, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5410

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs) : semantic (mouth) + phonetic (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twa (to spit).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: tou2 - rare.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɔX/
Li
Rong
/tʰoX/
Wang
Li
/tʰuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tou2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˁaʔ/
English eject from mouth, spit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 12500
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːʔ/
Definitions
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  1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
  2. to say; to tell; to pour out
  3. a surname
Synonyms
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Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter thuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɔH/
Li
Rong
/tʰoH/
Wang
Li
/tʰuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tou3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˁaʔ-s/
English vomit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 12502
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːs/
Definitions
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  1. to vomit; to throw up
Synonyms
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Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Only used in 吐谷渾吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings

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From Middle Chinese (MC thuX); compare Mandarin ():

  • Go-on: (tsu) (to, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (to, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese (MC thuH); compare Mandarin ():

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (to))

  1. Kwukyel form of (to)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.