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吐

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
吐 U+5410, 吐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410
← 吏
[U+540F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 向 →
[U+5411]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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吐 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 64010, composition ⿰口土)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 176, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5410

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 吐

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *taq (“to spit”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: tou2 - rare.
Note:
  • thó͘ - “to say; to protrude; as much as”;
  • thóng - “as much as”.
Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他魯切
Baxter thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɔX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰoX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁaʔ/
English eject from mouth, spit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
No. 12500
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		土
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːʔ/
Definitions
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吐

  1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
    吐絲／吐丝  ―  tǔ sī  ―  to spit silk
  2. to say; to tell; to pour out
    吐露  ―  tǔlù  ―  to reveal; to tell
  3. to sprout or emerge; to bud or flower
    吐穗  ―  tǔ suì  ―  to sprout ears of grain; 吐蕊  ―  tǔ ruǐ  ―  to sprout stamens
  4. (Hokkien) to protrude; to stick out
    吐舌仔 [Hokkien]  ―  thó͘ chi̍h-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to stick out one's mouth
  5. (Hokkien, after an amount but before the classifier) as much as
    四十吐斤 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
    sì-cha̍p thó͘ kun [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    forty plus catties
  6. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 吐 (“to spit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吐
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吐
Taiwan 吐
Singapore 吐
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 吐
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 吐
Xi'an 吐
Xining 吐
Xuzhou 吐
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吐
Wuhan 吐
Guiyang 吐
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 吐
Yangzhou 吐
Hefei 吐
Cantonese Guangzhou 吐, 𦧲
Hong Kong 吐, 𦧲
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 𦧲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 吐
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 吐
Taishan 吐, 𦧲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 吐
Gan Nanchang 吐
Lichuan 吐
Pingxiang 吐
Hakka Meixian 唾, 哯
Dongguan (Qingxi) 吐
Wengyuan 啡
Liannan 吐
Jiexi 啡
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 啡
Changting 吐
Wuping (Yanqian) 啡
Ninghua 吐
Ningdu 吐
Tonggu (Sandu) 吐
Ganzhou (Panlong) 吐
Dayu 吐
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哯
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 哯
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 哯
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 哯
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 哯
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 吐, 哯
Hong Kong 吐
Yangxi (Tangkou) 啡
Yangchun (Sanjia) 吐
Xinyi (Sihe) 啡
Xinyi (Qianpai) 啡
Gaozhou (Xindong) 啡
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 吐
Huazhou (Xin'an) 啡
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 啡
Lianjiang (Qingping) 唾
Mengshan (Xihe) 吐
Senai (Huiyang) 呸
Huizhou Jixi 吐
Jin Taiyuan 吐
Northern Min Jian'ou 吐
Eastern Min Fuzhou 啡
Fuzhou (Changle) 啡
Fuqing 啡
Yongtai 啡
Gutian 啡
Fu'an 啡
Ningde 啡
Shouning 啡
Zhouning 啡
Fuding 啡
Southern Min Xiamen 呸
Quanzhou 呸
Yongchun 呸
Zhangzhou 呸
Taipei (Wanhua) 呸
Kaohsiung 呸
Yilan 呸
Changhua (Lukang) 呸
Taichung 呸
Taichung (Wuqi) 呸
Tainan 呸
Taitung 呸
Hsinchu 呸
Penghu (Magong) 呸
Singapore (Hokkien) 呸
Manila (Hokkien) 呸
Chaozhou 呸
Jieyang 呸
Bangkok (Teochew) 吐
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 吐
Leizhou 吐
Haikou 呸
Wu Suzhou 吐
Danyang 吐
Wenzhou 吐
Xiang Changsha 吐
Shuangfeng 吐
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 湯故切
Baxter thuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɔH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰoH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁaʔ-s/
English vomit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
No. 12502
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		菟
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːs/
Definitions
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吐

  1. to vomit; to throw up
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 嘔吐
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吐
Taiwan 吐
Chengde 吐
Chifeng 吐
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 吐
Heihe 吐
Qiqihar 吐
Harbin 吐, 噦
Jiamusi 吐
Baicheng 吐
Changchun 吐
Tonghua 吐
Shenyang 吐, 噦
Jinzhou 吐, 噦
Singapore 吐
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 吐
Tangshan 吐
Cangzhou 吐
Baoding 吐, 噦
Shijiazhuang 吐
Lijin 吐
Jinan 吐, 噦
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 吐
Dandong 吐, 噦, 嘔
Yantai 嘔
Yantai (Muping) 嘔
Qingdao 吐, 嘔
Zhucheng 嘔
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 吐, 噦
Jining 噦
Wanrong 吐
Linfen 吐
Shangqiu 吐, 噦
Yuanyang 吐, 噦
Zhengzhou 噦
Xinyang 吐
Baihe 吐
Xi'an 吐
Baoji 吐
Tianshui 嘔
Xining 吐
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 吐
Xuzhou 吐, 噦
Fuyang 吐, 噦
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 噁
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 吐
Lanzhou 吐
Hami 吐
Ürümqi 吐, 噦
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吐, 發吐, 嘔吐
Nanchong 吐
Dazhou 吐
Hanyuan 吐
Xichang 吐, 嘔吐
Zigong 吐
Chongqing 噦, 吐
Wuhan 吐, 嘔, 哇
Yichang 吐
Xiangyang 吐
Tianmen 吐
Guiyang 吐
Zunyi 嘔
Bijie 吐
Liping 吐, 噦
Zhaotong 吐
Dali 吐
Kunming 吐
Mengzi 吐
Guilin 吐
Liuzhou 吐
Jishou 嘔
Changde 嘔
Hanzhong 吐, 噦
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 吐, 噁
Yangzhou 吐, 噁
Lianyungang 吐
Lianshui 噦
Nantong 嘔
Anqing 吐
Wuhu 吐
Hefei 噁
Hong'an 吐, 噦
Cantonese Guangzhou 嘔
Hong Kong 嘔
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 嘔
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 嘔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 嘔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 嘔
Macau 嘔
Guangzhou (Panyu) 嘔
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 嘔
Guangzhou (Conghua) 嘔
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 嘔
Foshan 嘔
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 嘔
Foshan (Shunde) 嘔
Foshan (Sanshui) 嘔
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 嘔
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嘔
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 嘔
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 嘔
Zhuhai (Doumen) 嘔
Jiangmen (Baisha) 嘔
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 嘔
Taishan 嘔
Kaiping (Chikan) 嘔
Enping (Niujiang) 嘔
Heshan (Yayao) 嘔
Dongguan 嘔
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 嘔
Yangjiang 嘔
Nanning 嘔
Wuzhou 嘔
Yulin 發嘔
Hepu (Lianzhou) 嘔
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嘔
Singapore (Guangfu) 嘔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 嘔
Gan Nanchang 嘔
Lichuan 吐
Pingxiang 嘔, 吐
Hakka Meixian 嘔, 翻
Xingning 翻, 噁
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 嘔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 嘔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 發嘔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 嘔
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 嘔
Yudu 嘔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 噁, 翻, 翻肚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 嘔, 翻, 翻肚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 吐, 貶腹
Luchuan (Daqiao) 吐
Senai (Huiyang) 嘔
Huizhou Jixi 吐
Shexian 吐
Jin Taiyuan 吐
Yangyuan 吐
Datong 吐
Xinzhou 吐
Lüliang (Lishi) 吐
Changzhi 吐
Linhe 吐
Jining 吐
Hohhot 吐
Erenhot 吐
Pingshan 噦
Zhangjiakou 吐
Handan 吐
Linzhou 嘔吐
Suide 吐
Northern Min Jian'ou 吐, 哊
Eastern Min Fuzhou 吐, 嘔, 哊, 嘔吐
Fuqing 吐
Southern Min Xiamen 吐, 噁
Quanzhou 吐, 噁
Zhangzhou 吐, 噁
Dongshan 吐
Tainan 吐, 掠兔仔, 出酒 due to drunkenness
Singapore (Hokkien) 吐
Manila (Hokkien) 吐
Zhangping (Yongfu) 發吐
Pingnan (Shangdu) 嘔
Chaozhou 吐
Shantou 吐, 嘔, 嘔噦
Shantou (Chenghai) 吐, 嘔
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 吐
Leizhou 吐
Wenchang 吐
Haikou 吐
Singapore (Hainanese) 吐
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 噦, 嘔
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 吐
Wu Shanghai 嘔
Shanghai (Chongming) 嘔
Suzhou 嘔
Danyang 吐
Hangzhou 冒
Ningbo 冒
Wenzhou 吐
Jinhua 吐
Xiang Changsha 嘔
Shuangfeng 嘔
Quanzhou 嘔
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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吐

  1. only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 吐 – see 捅 (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”).
(This character is a variant form of 捅).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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吐

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 吐 (MC thuX); compare Mandarin 吐 (tǔ):

  • Go-on: つ (tsu)、と (to, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 吐 (MC thuH); compare Mandarin 吐 (tù):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 吐 (MC thuX|thuH).

Historical readings

Hanja

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吐 (eum 토 (to))

  1. Kwukyel form of 토 (to)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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吐: Hán Nôm readings: thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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