吐

吐 U+5410, 吐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410 ← 吏 [U+540F] CJK Unified Ideographs 向 → [U+5411]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

吐 (radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 6401₀, composition ⿰口土)

References

• KangXi: page 176, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
• Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 576, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5410

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		吐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
社	*ɦljaːʔ
肚	*ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土	*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐	*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏	*l̥ʰaːʔ
杜	*l'aːʔ
靯	*l'aːʔ
荰	*l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ) – to spew from the mouth.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twa (“to spit”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tǔ (tu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): tou³, tou²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hu¹

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tou³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: tǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ
    • Wade–Giles: t'u³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuu
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou³, tou²
    • Yale: tou, tóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou³, tou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou³, tou²
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³³/, /tʰou̯³⁵/

Note: tou2 - rare.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hu¹
    • IPA ^(key): /hu³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘
    • Tâi-lô: thóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tou³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thòu
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰou²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /tʰuo^X/▼

Rime
Character	吐
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他魯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔX/
Li Rong	/tʰoX/
Wang Li	/tʰuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǔ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吐
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ thuX ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁaʔ/
English	eject from mouth, spit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吐
Reading #	1/2
No.	12500
Phonetic component	土
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	土
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/

Definitions

吐

1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
2. to say; to tell; to pour out
3. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 吐

• 一吐為快／一吐为快 (yītǔwéikuài)
• 不吐不快
• 伸眉吐氣／伸眉吐气
• 供吐
• 傾吐／倾吐 (qīngtǔ)
• 傾心吐膽／倾心吐胆
• 半吐半吞
• 半吐半露
• 半吞半吐
• 口吐珠璣／口吐珠玑
• 吐剛茹柔／吐刚茹柔
• 吐勢／吐势
• 吐口 (tǔkǒu)
• 吐司 (tǔsī)
• 吐哺
• 吐哺待賢／吐哺待贤
• 吐哺捉髮／吐哺捉发
• 吐哺握髮／吐哺握发
• 吐字 (tǔzì)
• 吐屬／吐属
• 吐握
• 吐故納新／吐故纳新
• 吐曜
• 吐架子
• 吐根
• 吐根鹼／吐根碱
• 吐棄／吐弃 (tǔqì)
• 吐槽 (tǔcáo)
• 吐氣／吐气 (tǔqì)
• 吐氣揚眉／吐气扬眉
• 吐氣音／吐气音

• 吐溜
• 吐火
• 吐火羅語／吐火罗语 (tǔhuǒluóyǔ)
• 吐瓦魯／吐瓦鲁 (Tǔwǎlǔ)
• 吐痰 (tùtán)
• 吐真劑／吐真剂 (tǔzhēnjì)
• 吐穗
• 吐納／吐纳
• 吐絮
• 吐絲自縛／吐丝自缚
• 吐綬雞／吐绶鸡
• 吐膽／吐胆
• 吐膽傾心／吐胆倾心
• 吐舊容新／吐旧容新
• 吐舌
• 吐舌頭／吐舌头
• 吐良
• 吐芳
• 吐芳訊／吐芳讯
• 吐苦水
• 吐蕃 (Tǔbō)
• 吐賀／吐贺
• 吐輝／吐辉
• 吐門戶／吐门户
• 吐露 (tǔlù)
• 吐露心腹
• 吐飯成蜂／吐饭成蜂
• 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān)
• 吞刀吐火
• 吞吐 (tūntǔ)
• 吞吐其辭／吞吐其辞

• 吞吐含蓄
• 吞吐量 (tūntǔliàng)
• 吞吞吐吐 (tūntūntǔtǔ)
• 吞雲吐霧／吞云吐雾
• 周公吐哺
• 呼吸吐納／呼吸吐纳
• 單吐／单吐
• 嘔心吐膽／呕心吐胆
• 噴吐／喷吐
• 噴雲吐霧／喷云吐雾
• 夢吐白鳳／梦吐白凤
• 宣吐
• 彥國吐屑／彦国吐屑
• 慢吐蓮／慢吐莲
• 揚眉吐氣／扬眉吐气
• 揚雄吐鳳／扬雄吐凤
• 握髮吐哺／握发吐哺
• 握髮吐餐／握发吐餐
• 氣吐眉揚／气吐眉扬
• 氣吐虹霓／气吐虹霓
• 盡情吐露／尽情吐露
• 興雲吐霧／兴云吐雾
• 談吐／谈吐 (tántǔ)
• 談吐如流／谈吐如流
• 談吐有致／谈吐有致
• 談吐風生／谈吐风生
• 輕吞慢吐／轻吞慢吐
• 輟食吐哺／辍食吐哺
• 辭吐／辞吐
• 麟吐玉書／麟吐玉书
• 龍吐珠／龙吐珠

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tù (tu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou³
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thò͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tou³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: tù
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˋ
    • Wade–Giles: t'u⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuh
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou³
    • Yale: tou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou³
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò͘
    • Tâi-lô: thòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tox
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tou³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thòu
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰou²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /tʰuo^H/▼

Rime
Character	吐
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	湯故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔH/
Li Rong	/tʰoH/
Wang Li	/tʰuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤaʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吐
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tù
Middle Chinese	‹ thuH ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁaʔ-s/
English	vomit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吐
Reading #	2/2
No.	12502
Phonetic component	土
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	菟
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːs/

Definitions

吐

1. to vomit; to throw up

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		嘔吐
Mandarin	Beijing	吐
	Taiwan	吐
	Jinan	吐
	Xi'an	吐
	Wuhan	嘔、吐、哇
	Chengdu	吐、發吐
	Yangzhou	吐、噁
	Hefei	吐
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嘔
	Hong Kong	嘔
	Taishan	嘔
	Yangjiang	嘔
Gan	Nanchang	嘔
Hakka	Meixian	嘔、翻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	嘔、翻、翻肚
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	嘔、翻、翻肚
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	嘔、翻、翻肚
	Dongshi (Dabu)	噁、翻、翻肚
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	嘔、翻、翻肚
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	吐、貶腹
Jin	Taiyuan	吐
Min Bei	Jian'ou	吐
Min Dong	Fuzhou	吐、哊、嘔
Min Nan	Xiamen	吐
	Quanzhou	吐
	Zhangzhou	吐
	Taipei	吐
	Kaohsiung	吐
	Philippines (Manila)	吐
	Chaozhou	吐
Wu	Suzhou	嘔
	Wenzhou	吐
Xiang	Changsha	嘔
	Shuangfeng	嘔

Compounds

• 上吐下瀉／上吐下泻 (shàngtùxiàxiè)
• 丙馭吐茵／丙驭吐茵
• 催吐劑／催吐剂
• 吐劑／吐剂

• 吐沫 (tùmo)
• 吐瀉／吐泻 (tùxiè)
• 吐血 (tùxuè)
• 吐退

• 吐逆
• 嘔吐／呕吐 (ǒutù)
• 孕吐 (yùntù)
• 經行吐衄／经行吐衄

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tǔ (tu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: tǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ
    • Wade–Giles: t'u³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuu
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dat⁶
    • Yale: daht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚²/

Definitions

吐

1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 吐 – see 捅 (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”). (This character, 吐, is a variant form of 捅.)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00503
• “吐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• (Min Nan) “Query for 吐”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

吐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings

• On (unclassified): と (to, Jōyō)
• Kun: はく (haku, 吐く, Jōyō); つく (tsuku, 吐く)

Compounds

Compounds

• 哯吐 (つだみ) (tsudami): (of an infant, etc) spitting out milk after taking a drink

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Korean

Hanja

吐 • (to) (hangeul 토, revised to, McCune–Reischauer t'o, Yale tho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Noun

吐 (토, to)

1. An affixal letter used in kwukyel.

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Vietnamese

Han character

吐 (thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.