孝

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孝 U+5B5D, 孝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5D
← 孜
[U+5B5C]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 孞 →
[U+5B5E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

孝 (radical 39 子+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大弓木 (JKND), four-corner 44407, composition ⿱耂子)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 278, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6952
  • Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1011, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5B5D

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 孝

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (孝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
酵 *kruːs
窙 *qʰruː
哮 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
庨 *qʰruː
涍 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
孝 *qʰruːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰruːs): phonetic 耂 + semantic 子.

Alternative explanation: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 子 (“a child”) – an old man and a child, filial piety between generations. Compare top component to 老 (OC *ruːʔ, “old”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • háu - literary;
  • há - vernacular.
Note:
  • hàu - literary;
  • hà - vernacular.
Note:
  • hao3 - literary;
  • ha3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • 2hau - vernacular;
  • 2xiau - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 孝
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕiau⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕiɑu⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiɔ²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiɔ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiau³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiau⁴⁴/
Xining /ɕiɔ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕiɔ¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɔ¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɔ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕiau³⁵/
Chengdu /ɕiau¹³/
Guiyang /ɕiao²¹³/
Kunming /ɕiɔ²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕiɔo⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiau⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕiɔ³⁵/
/xɔ³⁵/ ～帽子
Hohhot /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /hɔ³⁵/
/ɕiɔ³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiæ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ɕiɔ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /huɔ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /ɕiɔ³²⁴/
/xɔ³²⁴/
Tunxi /xo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiau⁵⁵/
/xau⁵⁵/ ～帽子
Xiangtan /ɕiaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɑu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hau⁵³/
Taoyuan /hɑu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hau³³/
Nanning /hau³³/
Hong Kong /hau³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hau²¹/
/ha²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hɑu²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xau³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hau²¹³/
/ha²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiau³⁵/
/ha³⁵/
Rime
Character 孝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /haɨwH/
Li
Rong		 /xauH/
Wang
Li		 /xauH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiào
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 孝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xæwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰˤ<r>uʔ-s/
English filial

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 孝
Reading # 1/1
No. 13771
Phonetic
component		 孝
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 孝
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰruːs/

Definitions[edit]

孝

  1. to do one's filial duty; to show filial piety
  2. filial piety
  3. mourning
  4. mourning dress
  5. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 孝

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

孝

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. filial piety
  2. mourning

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

孝 (hiragana たかし, rōmaji Takashi)

  1. A male given name

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

孝 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune-Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

孝 (hiếu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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