孝

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孝 U+5B5D, 孝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5D
← 孜
[U+5B5C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 孞 →
[U+5B5E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

孝 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大弓木 (JKND), four-corner 44407, composition ⿱耂子)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 278, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6952
  • Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1011, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5B5D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 孝
simp. # 孝
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 孝 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 孝 (Cantonese)
  • hàu (Min Nan)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 孝
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (孝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
酵 *kruːs
窙 *qʰruː
哮 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
庨 *qʰruː
涍 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
孝 *qʰruːs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 子 (“a child”) – an old man and a child, filial piety between generations. Compare top component to 老 (OC *ruːʔ, “old”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • háu - literary;
  • há - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hàu - literary;
    • hà - vernacular.
    Note:
    • hao3 - literary;
    • ha3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 2hau - vernacular;
    • 2xiau - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 孝
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu⁵¹/
    Harbin /ɕiau⁵³/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑu⁵³/
    Jinan /ɕiɔ²¹/
    Qingdao /ɕiɔ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiau³¹²/
    Xi'an /ɕiau⁴⁴/
    Xining /ɕiɔ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɔ¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɔ¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɔ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ɕiau³⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕiau¹³/
    Guiyang /ɕiao²¹³/
    Kunming /ɕiɔ²¹²/
    Nanjing /ɕiɔo⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiau⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /ɕiɔ³⁵/
    /xɔ³⁵/ ～帽子
    Hohhot /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /hɔ³⁵/
    /ɕiɔ³⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕiæ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɔ⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /huɔ⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /ɕiɔ³²⁴/
    /xɔ³²⁴/
    Tunxi /xo¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕiau⁵⁵/
    /xau⁵⁵/ ～帽子
    Xiangtan /ɕiaɯ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /hɑu²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hau⁵³/
    Taoyuan /hɑu⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hau³³/
    Nanning /hau³³/
    Hong Kong /hau³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hau²¹/
    /ha²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hɑu²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xau³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hau²¹³/
    /ha²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiau³⁵/
    /ha³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 孝
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 肴 (90)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 呼敎切
    Baxter xaewH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hˠauH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hᵚauH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xauH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/haɨwH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xauH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xauH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xauH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haau3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 孝
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiào
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xæwH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰˁ<r>uʔ-s/
    English filial

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 孝
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13771
    Phonetic
    component         		孝
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		孝
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰruːs/

    Definitions[edit]

    孝

    1. to do one's filial duty; to show filial piety
    2. filial piety; filial duty
    3. mourning
    4. mourning dress
    5. (Min Nan) to offer up sacrifices (to gods or ancestors)
    6. (Mainland China Hokkien) custom and etiquette to be observed after the death of one's seniors
    7. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar, derogatory) to eat
    8. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to do one's filial duty):
    edit
    • 孝敬 (xiàojìng) (to show filial respect)
    • 有孝 (Hokkien)
    • (filial piety):
    edit
    • 孝心 (xiàoxīn)
    • 孝悌 (xiàotì) (filial piety and fraternal duty)
    • 孝情 (xiàoqíng) (literary)
    • 孝行 (xiàoxíng) (acts of filial piety)
    • 孝道 (xiàodào)

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji[edit]

    孝

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    孝
    Grade: 6
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 孝 (MC hˠauH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    孝(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

    1. filial piety

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    孝
    Grade: 6
    nanori

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    孝(たかし) • (Takashi) 

    1. a male given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    孝 (eumhun 효도 효 (hyodo hyo))

    1. Hanja form? of 효 (“filial piety”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    孝: Hán Việt readings: hiếu[1][2][3]
    孝: Nôm readings: hiếu[1][2], héo[1], hếu[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of hiếu (“filial piety”).

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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