孝

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰruːs): 耂 + 子, 耂 as phonetic, 子 as semantic.

Alternative explanation: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 耂 ‎(“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 子 ‎(“a child”) – an old man and a child, filial piety between generations. Compare top component to 老.

Han character

孝 (radical 39 子+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大弓木 (JKND), four-corner 4440₇, composition ⿱耂子)

1. filial piety
2. obedience
3. mourning

Derived characters

• 教 酵 痚

Related characters

• 老

References

• KangXi: page 278, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6952
• Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1011, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5B5D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		孝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiào (xiao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hau
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hàu / hà

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hao³ / ha³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ
    • Wade-Giles: hsiao⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaw
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau³
    • Yale: haau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau³
    • IPA ^(key): /hɑːu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hau
    • Hakka Romanization System: hau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hau⁴
    • IPA: /ha̯u⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàu / hà
    • Tâi-lô: hàu / hà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haux, hax
    • IPA (Taipei): /haʊ¹¹/, /ha¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haʊ²¹/, /ha²¹/
    • Note: hàu - literary; hà - vernacular.
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hao³ / ha³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàu / hà
    • IPA ^(key): /hau²¹³/, /ha²¹³/
    • Note: hao3 - literary; ha3 - vernacular.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 孝
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑu⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɔ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiau³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiau⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɔ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɔ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɔ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiau¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕiao²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɔ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɔo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiau⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɔ³⁵/ /xɔ³⁵/ ～帽子
	Hohhot	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/hɔ³⁵/ /ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiæ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɔ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/huɔ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔ³²⁴/ /xɔ³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/xo¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiau⁵⁵/ /xau⁵⁵/ ～帽子
	Xiangtan	/ɕiaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɑu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hau⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/hɑu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hau³³/
	Nanning	/hau³³/
	Hong Kong	/hau³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hau²¹/ /ha²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɑu²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xau³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hau²¹³/ /ha²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiau³⁵/ /ha³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /hˠau^H/▼

Rime
Character	孝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	呼敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/xauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨwH/
Li Rong	/xauH/
Wang Li	/xauH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xào

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*qʰˤ<r>uʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰruːs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ xæwH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˤ<r>uʔ-s/
English	filial
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孝
Reading #	1/1
No.	13771
Phonetic component	孝
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	孝
Old Chinese	/*qʰruːs/

Definitions

孝

1. Discipline
2. Obedience

Compounds

• 孝堂
• 孝女
• 孝子 (xiàozǐ)
• 孝子賢孫／孝子贤孙

• 孝心 (xiàoxīn)
• 孝敬 (xiàojìng)
• 孝服
• 孝男

• 孝行 (xiàoxíng)
• 孝衣
• 孝道 (xiàodào)
• 孝順／孝顺 (xiàoshùn)

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Japanese

Kanji

孝

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Source : mahou kanji dictionary - 孝 (Takashi)

• Goon: きょう (kyō)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Nanori: たか (taka) , たかし (takashi), のり (nori), よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 孝敬
• 孝行
• 孝情
• 孝心

Proper noun

孝 ‎(hiragana たかし, romaji Takashi)

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

孝 • ‎(hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune-Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

孝 (hiếu, hếu)

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