索

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
索 U+7D22, 索
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D22
← 紡
[U+7D21] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 紣 →
[U+7D23]
索 U+F96A, 索
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96A
← 數
[U+F969] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 參 →
[U+F96B]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

索 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月女戈火 (JBVIF), four-corner 40903, composition ⿳十冖糸)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27306
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1349, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3369, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7D22

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 索
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (索) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
索 *slaːɡ, *sraːɡ, *sreːɡ
溹 *slaːɡ, *sraːɡ, *sreːɡ

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 索

From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lhok2-4 - noun;
  • lhok2 - verb.
  • Hakka
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • soh - vernacular;
    • sok/sek - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 索
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 唐 (103)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 蘇各切
    Baxter sak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/sɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/sɑk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/sɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sok3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 索
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		suǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sak ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]ˁak/
    English twist a rope

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 索
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 12191
    Phonetic
    component         		索
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		索
    Old
    Chinese         		/*slaːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    索

    1. rope; cable
    2. (Teochew) to climb; to clamber
    3. (mahjong, regional) bamboo tile
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 繩子 (“string; rope; cord”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 繩, 索
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 繩索
    Mandarin Beijing 繩子, 繩兒
    Taiwan 繩子
    Harbin 繩子
    Yantai (Muping) 繩兒, 繩子
    Jinan 繩子
    Luoyang 繩子
    Wanrong 繩子, 繩
    Xi'an 繩子
    Yinchuan 繩
    Xining 繩子
    Ürümqi 繩子
    Wuhan 繩子, 索子
    Chengdu 繩子, 索子
    Guiyang 繩子, 繩繩
    Guilin 繩子
    Liuzhou 繩子
    Xuzhou 繩子
    Yangzhou 繩子
    Nanjing 繩子
    Hefei 繩, 繩子
    Malaysia 繩子
    Singapore 繩子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 繩, 索
    Hong Kong 繩
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 繩, 繩仔
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 繩, 繩仔
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 繩
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 繩
    Macau 繩
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 繩
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 繩
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 繩
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 繩
    Foshan 繩
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 繩
    Foshan (Shunde) 繩
    Foshan (Sanshui) 繩
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 繩
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 繩
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 繩
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 繩
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 繩
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 繩
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 繩
    Taishan 繩
    Kaiping (Chikan) 繩
    Enping (Niujiang) 繩
    Heshan (Yayao) 繩
    Dongguan 繩
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 繩
    Qingyuan 繩
    Fogang 繩仔
    Yingde (Hanguang) 麻繩
    Yangshan 繩, 索
    Lianshan (Butian) 索
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 索
    Shaoguan 繩
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 繩
    Renhua 繩
    Lechang 繩, 索
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 繩
    Sihui 繩仔
    Guangning 繩仔
    Deqing 繩, 索繩
    Huaiji 繩
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 繩
    Yunfu 繩, 索
    Xinxing 繩, 索
    Luoding 繩仔
    Yunan (Pingtai) 繩
    Yangjiang 索
    Xinyi 索
    Maoming (Xinpo) 繩
    Lianjiang 索
    Wuchuan (Wuyang) 索
    Nanning 繩, 索
    Wuzhou 索, 繩
    Yulin 索
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 索
    Hepu (Shatian) 索 large, 繩 small
    Guiping 索
    Mengshan (Xihe) 索
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 索
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 索
    Baise 索
    Bobai 索
    Lingshan 索
    Pubei 索
    Qinzhou 索
    Beihai 索, 索仔
    Beihai (Nankang) 索
    Beihai (Yingpan) 索
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 索
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 索 big, 繩 small
    Ningming 索
    Hengzhou 索
    Hezhou (Pumen) 繩
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 索
    Danzhou 索
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 繩
    Singapore (Guangfu) 繩
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 繩
    Móng Cái 索
    Gan Nanchang 繩子, 索子
    Lichuan 繩兒, 繩仔, 索
    Pingxiang 繩子
    Hakka Meixian 索仔, 索嫲, 索
    Xingning 索, 索嫲
    Fengshun (Tangkeng) 索
    Fengshun (Fengliang) 索
    Fengshun (Pantian) 索
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 繩
    Huidong (Daling) 索仔, 索嫲
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 索
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 索仔
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 索嫲
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 索嫲
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 索嫲, 索哩
    Wuhua (Changbu) 索嫲
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 索嫲
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 繩 small, 索 large
    Wengyuan 索
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 索子, 索嫲
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 索仔, 索嫲
    Liannan 索
    Conghua (Lütian) 繩
    Jiexi 索
    Luhe 索仔
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 索
    Changting 索子
    Wuping 索子
    Wuping (Yanqian) 索子
    Wuping (Pingyu) 索
    Liancheng 索子
    Ninghua 索子
    Yudu 繩子
    Ningdu 繩子
    Ruijin 索子, 繩
    Shicheng 繩
    Shangyou (Shexi) 繩
    Tonggu (Sandu) 繩
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 繩
    Dayu 繩哩
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 索仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 索仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 索仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 索
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 索仔
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 索
    Hong Kong 索嫲, 索
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 索
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 索
    Xinyi (Sihe) 索
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 索
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 索
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 索
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 索
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 索
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 索
    Mengshan (Xihe) 索
    Luchuan 索
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 索
    Beiliu (Tang'an) 索
    Mashan (Pianlian) 索
    Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 索
    Senai (Huiyang) 索嫲
    Singkawang 索
    Jin Taiyuan 繩子
    Xinzhou 繩子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 索
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 索
    Songxi 索
    Zhenghe 索
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 索
    Jianyang 索
    Wuyishan 索
    Pucheng (Shibei) 索
    Min Dong Fuzhou 索
    Changle 索
    Fuqing 索
    Yongtai 索
    Gutian 索
    Fu'an 索
    Ningde 索
    Xiapu 索
    Zherong 索
    Shouning 索
    Zhouning 索
    Fuding 索
    Min Nan Xiamen 索仔, 索
    Quanzhou 索仔, 索
    Yongchun 索
    Zhangzhou 索仔, 索
    Dongshan 索仔
    Kaohsiung 索仔
    Yilan 索仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 索仔
    Taichung 索仔
    Taichung (Wuqi) 索仔
    Tainan 索仔
    Taitung 索仔
    Hsinchu 索仔
    Penghu (Magong) 索
    Penang (Hokkien) 索, 索仔
    Singapore (Hokkien) 索
    Manila (Hokkien) 索
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 索
    Datian 索仔
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 索
    Chaozhou 索
    Shantou 索
    Shantou (Chenghai) 索
    Jieyang 索
    Haifeng 索
    Bangkok (Teochew) 索
    Phnom Penh (Teochew) 索
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 索
    Singapore (Teochew) 索
    Leizhou 索
    Wenchang 索
    Haikou 索
    Puxian Min Putian 索
    Xianyou 索
    Fuding (Aoyao) 索
    Min Zhong Yong'an 索
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 繩
    Sanxiang 繩
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 索
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 索子
    Wu Shanghai 繩, 繩子
    Shanghai (Chongming) 繩
    Suzhou 繩
    Danyang 繩子
    Ningbo 繩
    Wenzhou 繩
    Jinhua 繩
    Xiang Changsha 繩子, 索子
    Loudi 繩子
    Shuangfeng 繩子, 索子
    Note General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
    Dialectal synonyms of 條子 (“bamboo tile (mahjong)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Mandarin Beijing 條子
    Taiwan 條子
    Tianjin 條子
    Langfang 條子
    Tangshan 條子
    Cangzhou 條子
    Baoding 條子
    Shijiazhuang 條子
    Daming 條子
    Chifeng 條兒
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 條子
    Harbin 條子, 條
    Shenyang 條子, 索子
    Qingdao 條子
    Jinan 條子
    Zhengzhou 條
    Xi'an 條, 索
    Yinchuan 條子
    Lanzhou 條子, 索子
    Xining 條子
    Ürümqi 條子
    Huanggang 條子, 索子
    Chengdu 條子
    Chongqing 條子, 索子
    Guiyang 條子
    Kunming 條子, 索子
    Guilin 索子
    Liuzhou 條子
    Xuzhou 條
    Yangzhou 條子
    Nanjing 條子
    Hefei 條子
    Nantong 條
    Singapore 索子
    Cantonese Hong Kong 索子
    Gan Nanchang 索子, 條子
    Lichuan 索子
    Huizhou Shexian 條, 索
    Jin Taiyuan 條子, 棍子
    Xinzhou 棍子
    Linhe 條子
    Jining 條子
    Hohhot 條子, 棍子
    Zhangjiakou 條子
    Handan 條, 條子
    Wu Shanghai 索

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 索
    alternative forms 𡩡

    Ultimately Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ស (sɑɑ, “white; to show something clearly”); cognate with 素 (OC *saːs, “colourless; plain”) (Schuessler, 2007).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • soh/sak - vernacular;
    • sok/sek - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 索 索
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 庚 (115) 耕 (119)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III II
    Fanqie 山戟切 山責切
    Baxter srjaek sreak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃˠiæk̚/ /ʃˠɛk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃᵚiak̚/ /ʃᵚæk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃiak̚/ /ʃɐk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂiajk̚/ /ʂəɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃiɐk̚/ /ʃɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃĭɐk̚/ /ʃæk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂiɐk̚/ /ʂæk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shi she
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sik1 sak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 索
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		suǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sak ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]ˁak/
    English search (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 索 索
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    No. 12193 12195
    Phonetic
    component         		索 索
    Rime
    group         		鐸 錫
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		𡩡 栜
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sraːɡ/ /*sreːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    索

    1. to search; to look for; to inquire into
    2. to request; to demand
    3. (literary) alone; solitary
    4. (literary) uninteresting; dull; insipid

    Etymology 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 索

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 索
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 唐 (103)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 蘇各切
    Baxter sak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/sɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/sɑk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/sɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sok3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 索
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 12191
    Phonetic
    component         		索
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		索
    Old
    Chinese         		/*slaːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    索

    1. a surname

    Etymology 4[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 索
    alternative forms 嗍
    欶

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    索

    1. (Cantonese) to absorb
    2. (Cantonese) to sniff; to smell

    Etymology 5[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 索

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 嗍, 欶?”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    索

    1. (Cantonese, of a female) beautiful; pretty; hot; sexually attractive

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]


    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    索

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. string, thread

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 索 (MC srjaek|sreak). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    索 (eumhun 찾을 색 (chajeul saek))

    1. Hanja form? of 색 (“to search”).
    2. Hanja form? of 색 (“to request; to demand”).
    3. Hanja form? of 색 (“to inquire”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 索 (MC sak). Recorded as Middle Korean 삭〮 (sák) (Yale: sák) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    索 (eumhun 노 삭 (no sak))

    1. Hanja form? of 삭 (“rope; cable”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Chữ Hán[edit]

    索: Hán Nôm readings: sách, tác, xách

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=索&oldid=76297182"