磨

See also: 磿

磨	U+78E8, 磨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E8

← 磧
[U+78E7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

磩 →
[U+78E9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

磨 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 0026₁, composition ⿸麻石)

Derived characters[edit]

嚰, 𫾚, 𣟖, 礳, 𥽨, 耱, 𨇢, 𭍁, 饝, 𨟖, 蘑

References[edit]

KangXi: page 835, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2453, character 13
Unihan data for U+78E8

Chinese[edit]

trad.		磨
simp. ^#		磨

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	mral, mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	maːl, maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	maːl, maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	maːls, mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Originally written as 䃺. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maːl, *maːls): semantic 石 (“rock”) + abbreviated phonetic 靡 (OC *mralʔ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мә (mə, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nò
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bôa / mô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhua⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мә (mə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo⁴
  - Yale: mòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nò
  - Hakka Romanization System: noˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: no²
  - Sinological IPA: /no¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôa
  - Tâi-lô: buâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bua¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bua²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bua²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/

Note:

bôa - vernacular;
mô͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhua⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buâ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /bua⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /muɑ/

Rime
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫婆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/
Li Rong	/muɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ ma ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaj/
English	rub, grind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
No.	8706
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	摩
Old Chinese	/*maːl/

Definitions[edit]

磨

to grind; to sharpen
to rub; to chafe
to wear away; to obliterate
to wear out; to wear down; to erode
to dawdle; to waste (time)
to pester; to plague (someone)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 磨

一折一磨
不可磨滅／不可磨灭 (bùkěmómiè)
切磋琢磨 (qiēcuōzhuómó)
刮垢磨光
博磨
好事多磨 (hǎoshìduōmó)
打磨 (dǎmó)
折磨 (zhémó)
拖磨 (tuōmó)
捱磨
擦拳磨掌
擦掌磨拳
昏鏡重磨／昏镜重磨
水磨工夫
水磨石
水磨調／水磨调
永不磨滅／永不磨灭 (yǒngbùmómiè)
泡磨菇
消磨 (xiāomó)
球磨機／球磨机
琢磨 (zhuómó)
百世不磨
砂磨
研磨 (yánmó)
研磨機／研磨机 (yánmójī)
砥行磨名
磋磨
磨不開臉／磨不开脸
磨人
磨佗子
磨光 (móguāng)
磨兌／磨兑
磨刀 (módāo)
磨刀石 (módāoshí)
磨刀霍霍
磨刻
磨削
磨功夫
磨勁兒／磨劲儿
磨勒
磨勘

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mo
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bō / mō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): bho⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo⁶
  - Yale: moh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo
  - Hakka Romanization System: mo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mo⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō
  - Tâi-lô: bō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bo³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bo²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bo⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
  - Tâi-lô: mōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bho⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bo¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /muɑ^H/

Rime
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	摸卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa^H/
Li Rong	/muɑ^H/
Wang Li	/muɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ ma^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaj-s/
English	grinding stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
No.	8710
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*maːls/

Definitions[edit]

磨

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 磨

推磨 (tuīmò)
水磨
油回磨轉／油回磨转
牛回磨轉／牛回磨转
石磨 (shímò)
磨不開／磨不开
磨叨
磨坊 (mòfáng)
磨子 (mòzi)
磨官兒／磨官儿
磨房 (mòfáng)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

磨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to polish
to grind
to brush (teeth)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ば (ba)
Kun: みがく (migaku, 磨く, Jōyō); とぐ (togu, 磨ぐ)
Nanori: おさむ (osamu); きよ (kiyo)

Compounds[edit]

研磨(けんま) (kenma)
磨滅(まめつ) (mametsu)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

磨 • (ma) (hangeul 마)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

磨: Hán Nôm readings: ma, mài

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

磨

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu

磨

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu

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