磨

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See also: 磿
磨 U+78E8, 磨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E8
← 磧
[U+78E7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 磩 →
[U+78E9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

磨 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 00261, composition ⿸麻石)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 835, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2453, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+78E8

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
麻 *mraːl
痲 *mraːl
犘 *mraːl
縻 *mral
醿 *mral
爢 *mral
蘼 *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡 *mralʔ
摩 *maːl, *maːls
魔 *maːl
磨 *maːl, *maːls
劘 *maːl
麽 *maːl
麼 *maːlʔ
塺 *maːls, *mɯːl
麾 *hmral

Originally written as 䃺 (mó). Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maːl, *maːls): semantic 石 (“rock”) + abbreviated phonetic 靡 (OC *mralʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 磨
simp. # 磨
2nd round simp. ⿸广石

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • muài - vernacular;
  • mò̤ - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • bôa - vernacular;
    • mô͘ - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 磨
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 莫婆切
    Baxter ma
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/muɑ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/muɑ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/muɑ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mwa/
    Li
    Rong         		/muɑ/
    Wang
    Li         		/muɑ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/muɑ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		mó
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mo4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 磨
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		mó
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ma ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁaj/
    English rub, grind

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 磨
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8706
    Phonetic
    component         		麻
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		摩
    Old
    Chinese         		/*maːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    磨

    1. to grind; to sharpen
    2. to rub; to chafe
    3. to wear away; to obliterate
    4. to wear out; to wear down; to erode
    5. to dawdle; to waste (time)
    6. to pester; to plague (someone)

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 磨
    simp. # 磨
    2nd round simp. ⿸广石

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 磨
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 摸卧切
    Baxter maH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/muɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/muɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/muɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mwaH/
    Li
    Rong         		/muɑH/
    Wang
    Li         		/muɑH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/muɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		mò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mo6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 磨
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		mò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ maH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁaj-s/
    English grinding stone

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 磨
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8710
    Phonetic
    component         		麻
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*maːls/

    Definitions[edit]

    磨

    1. grinder; mill
    2. to grind; to mill
    3. to turn around
    4. (Cantonese) to waste time

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    trad. 磨
    simp. # 磨
    alternative forms 庅

    Possibly from 摩 (OC *maːl, “to approach; to touch; to draw near”); cognate with Cantonese 埋 (maai4, “to approach”) (Yan et al., 2016).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    磨

    1. (Teochew) to approach

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 磨
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    磨󠄁
    磨+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    磨󠄃
    磨+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    磨

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. to polish
    2. to grind
    3. to brush (teeth)

    Readings[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 磨 (MC muɑ); compare Mandarin 磨 (mó):

    • Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: ば (ba)

    From Middle Chinese 磨 (MC muɑH); compare Mandarin 磨 (mò):

    From native Japanese roots:

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1546 (paper), page 825 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 885 (paper), page 455 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    磨 (eumhun 갈 마 (gal ma))

    1. Hanja form? of 마 (“grind, polish, rub, wear out”).
    2. Hanja form? of 마 (“millstone”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    磨: Hán Nôm readings: ma, mài

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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