磨

See also: 磿

Translingual

Han character

磨 (radical 112 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 0026₁, composition ⿸麻石)

1. grind
2. polish
3. rub
4. wear out

References

• KangXi: page 835, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
• Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2453, character 13
• Unihan data for U+78E8

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		磨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó, mò (mo², mo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁴, mo⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): bō / bôa

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Wade-Giles: mo²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Wade-Giles: mo⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mo⁴, mo⁶
    • Yale: mòh, moh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁴, mo⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /mɔː²¹/, /mɔː²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō / bôa
    • Tâi-lô: bō / buâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boi, boaa
    • IPA (Taipei): /bo³³/, /bua²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɤ²²/, /bua¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /muɑ/, /muɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	磨	磨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫婆切	摸卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/	/muɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/	/muɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/	/muɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/	/mwaH/
Li Rong	/muɑ/	/muɑH/
Wang Li	/muɑ/	/muɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/	/muɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó	mò

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*mˤaj/, /*mˤaj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːl/, /*maːls/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨	磨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ ma ›	‹ maH ›
Old Chinese	/*mˤaj/	/*mˤaj-s/
English	rub, grind	grinding stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨	磨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8706	8710
Phonetic component	麻	麻
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	摩
Old Chinese	/*maːl/	/*maːls/

Verb

磨

1. to rub
2. to wear out; to wear down; to erode

Derived terms

• 磨蹭 (mócèng)

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Japanese

Kanji

磨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. to polish
2. to grind
3. to brush (teeth)

Readings

• Goon: ま (ma)
• Kan’on: ば (ba)
• Kun: みがく (migaku)
• Nanori: おさむ (osamu), きよ (kiyo), みがく (migaku)

Compounds

• 研磨 (けんま) ‎(kenma)
• 磨滅 (まめつ) ‎(mametsu)

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Korean

Hanja

磨 • ‎(ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune-Reischauer ma, Yale ma)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

磨 (ma, mài)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.