切磋琢磨
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Chinese[edit]
| to cut and polish; to compare notes; to learn from each other | to carve and polish; to polish and refine a literary work | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (切磋琢磨) | 切磋 | 琢磨 | |
| simp. #(切磋琢磨) | 切磋 | 琢磨 | |
| alternative forms | 切瑳琢磨 | ||
Pronunciation[edit]
Idiom[edit]
切磋琢磨
- (original meaning) to carve and polish (bones, horns, ivory and jade)
- (figuratively) to learn by exchanging ideas and experiences; friendly competition; improvement by learning from others
Japanese[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 切 | 磋 | 琢 | 磨 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 2 |
さ Hyōgaiji |
たく Jinmeiyō |
ま Grade: S |
| on’yomi | |||
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 切磋琢磨 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 切磋琢磨.
Noun[edit]
切磋琢磨 • (sessatakuma)
- applying oneself and studying hard to cultivate oneself
- friendly competition, improving oneself by learning from others
Verb[edit]
切磋琢磨する • (sessatakuma suru) suru (stem 切磋琢磨し (sessatakuma shi), past 切磋琢磨した (sessatakuma shita))
- apply oneself and study hard to improve oneself
- try to improve by learning from others
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "切磋琢磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 切磋琢磨し | せっさたくまし | sessatakuma shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 切磋琢磨し | せっさたくまし | sessatakuma shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 切磋琢磨する | せっさたくまする | sessatakuma suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 切磋琢磨する | せっさたくまする | sessatakuma suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 切磋琢磨すれ | せっさたくますれ | sessatakuma sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 切磋琢磨せよ¹ 切磋琢磨しろ² |
せっさたくませよ¹ せっさたくましろ² |
sessatakuma seyo¹ sessatakuma shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 切磋琢磨される | せっさたくまされる | sessatakuma sareru | |
| Causative | 切磋琢磨させる 切磋琢磨さす |
せっさたくまさせる せっさたくまさす |
sessatakuma saseru sessatakuma sasu | |
| Potential | 切磋琢磨できる | せっさたくまできる | sessatakuma dekiru | |
| Volitional | 切磋琢磨しよう | せっさたくましよう | sessatakuma shiyō | |
| Negative | 切磋琢磨しない | せっさたくましない | sessatakuma shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 切磋琢磨せず | せっさたくませず | sessatakuma sezu | |
| Formal | 切磋琢磨します | せっさたくまします | sessatakuma shimasu | |
| Perfective | 切磋琢磨した | せっさたくました | sessatakuma shita | |
| Conjunctive | 切磋琢磨して | せっさたくまして | sessatakuma shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切磋琢磨すれば | せっさたくますれば | sessatakuma sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References[edit]
- The Kōjien (広辞苑) Dictionary of the Japanese Language, 5th edition, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, Tokyo.
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