ма
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
[edit]ма • (ma)
- expresses disbelief, surprise, empathy
- Ма, то наистина било хубаво! ― Ma, to naistina bilo hubavo! ― Hey, it is indeed good!
- expresses irritation, objection, impatiance
- Ма, какво му мислите толкова? ― Ma, kakvo mu mislite tolkova? ― Jeez, what are you analysing so much!
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “ма⁴”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ма”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 39
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from some neighbouring language. See Greek μα (ma), Italian ma.
Conjunction
[edit]ма • (ma)
- (colloquial) but, however
- Ще ти купя сладолед, ма друг път. ― Šte ti kupja sladoled, ma drug pǎt. ― I will buy you an icecream, however, at another time.
See also
[edit]- а́ма (áma, “however”) (Ottoman Turkish borrowing of Arabic origin)
References
[edit]- “ма³”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Etymology 3
[edit]Shortening of мома́ (momá, “girl, maid”) and/or мо́ре (móre) (evocative intensifier).
Interjection
[edit]ма • (ma)
- (derogatory) placed at the end of a sentence, when directed at a woman, as an offensive intensifier
References
[edit]- “ма¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “ма”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма⁴”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Dungan
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Cognate to Standard Mandarin 馬/马 (mǎ)
Noun
[edit]ма • (ma)
Etymology 2
[edit]Cognate to Standard Mandarin 媽/妈 (mā)
Noun
[edit]ма • (ma)
Etymology 3
[edit]Cognate to Standard Mandarin 罵/骂 (mà)
Verb
[edit]ма • (ma)
- to scold
Eastern Mari
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]ма • (ma)
- whether, if
- толат ма уке, мылам садак
- tolat ma uke, mylam sadak
- I don't care if you come or not
- (ма... ма) whether... or
- ял ма, ола ма - илыш чыла вере икгаяк
- jal ma, ola ma - ilyš čyla vere ikgajak
- in the country or in the city, life is the same everywhere
Particle
[edit]ма • (ma)
- interrogative particle
- толат ма?
- tolat ma?
- are you coming?
References
[edit]- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ма”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Komi-Permyak
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Organic_Honey.jpg/220px-Organic_Honey.jpg)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod), Ossetian мыд (myd) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Zyrian ма (ma).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ма • (ma)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ма (stem: ма-) | |||
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singular | plural | ||
nominative | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) | |
accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) |
II* | маӧс (maös) | маэзӧс (maezös) | |
instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маэзӧн (maezön) | |
comitative | макӧт (maköt) | маэзкӧт (maezköt) | |
caritive | матӧг (matög) | маэзтӧг (maeztög) | |
consecutive | мала (mala) | маэзла (maezla) | |
genitive | малӧн (malön) | маэзлӧн (maezlön) | |
ablative | малісь (maliś) | маэзлісь (maezliś) | |
dative | малӧ (malö) | маэзлӧ (maezlö) | |
inessive | маын (mayn) | маэзын (maezyn) | |
elative | маись (maiś) | маэзісь (maeziś) | |
illative | маӧ (maö) | маэзӧ (maezö) | |
egressive | масянь (maśań) | маэзсянь (maezśań) | |
approximative | малань (malań) | маэзлань (maezlań) | |
terminative | I | маӧдз (maödź) | маэзӧдз (maezödź) |
II | мави (mavi) | маэзви (maezvi) | |
prolative | маӧт (maöt) | маэзӧт (maezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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References
[edit]- R. M. Batalova, A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985) Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary][2], Moscow: Русский язык, page 240
Komi-Zyrian
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Honigglas.jpg/220px-Honigglas.jpg)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Permyak ма (ma).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ма • (ma)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ма (stem: ма-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) | |
accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) |
II* | маӧс (maös) | маясӧс (majasös) | |
instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маясӧн (majasön) | |
comitative | макӧд (maköd) | маяскӧд (majasköd) | |
caritive | матӧг (matög) | маястӧг (majastög) | |
consecutive | мала (mala) | маясла (majasla) | |
genitive | малӧн (malön) | маяслӧн (majaslön) | |
ablative | малысь (malyś) | маяслысь (majaslyś) | |
dative | малы (maly) | маяслы (majasly) | |
inessive | маын (mayn) | маясын (majasyn) | |
elative | маысь (mayś) | маясысь (majasyś) | |
illative | маӧ (maö) | маясӧ (majasö) | |
egressive | масянь (maśań) | маяссянь (majasśań) | |
approximative | малань (malań) | маяслань (majaslań) | |
terminative | маӧдз (maödź) | маясӧдз (majasödź) | |
prolative | I | маӧд (maöd) | маясӧд (majasöd) |
II | маті (mati) | маясті (majasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ма | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 121
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 376
Macedonian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]ма • (ma)
- (vulgar, derogatory) Placed at the end of an utterance as an offensive intensifier (usually when addressing women)
Mariupol Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Byzantine Greek μά (má), borrowed from Old Italian ma. Cognates include Greek μα (ma).
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]ма • (ma) (emphatic form а́ма)
References
[edit]- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ма”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса[3], Donetsk, page 34
Northern Khanty
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ма (ma) (Kazym)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of ма (ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ма (ma) | ||
Accusative | мăнәт (mănət) | ||
Dative | мăнєм (mănêm) |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Solovar, V. N. (2014) “ма”, in Хантыйско-русский Словарь (казымский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Dictionary (Kazym Dialect)][4], Khanty-Mansiysk: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 174
Ossetian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁.
Particle
[edit]ма • (ma)
- (Iron, Difor) prohibitive particle
- ма тӕрс ― ma tærs ― don't be afraid
Further reading
[edit]- Bigulajev, B. B., Gagkajev, K. Je., Kulajev, N. X., Tuajeva, O. N. (1970) “ма”, in A. M. Kasajev, editor, Осетинско-русский словарь [Ossetian–Russian Dictionary], 3rd edition, Ordzhonikidze: Ir
- Takazov, F. M. (2003) “ма”, in Дигорско-русский словарь [Digor–Russian Dictionary], Vladikavkaz: Alania
- Abajev, V. I. (1973) “ma”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 60f
Southern Yukaghir
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]ма (ma)
- take it!
- 2000, V. K. Spiridonov, I. A. Nikolaeva, Букварь для 1 класса юкагирских школ [A primer for the 1st class of Yukaghir schools], Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 11:
- Эм-мээ, ма!
- Em-mē, ma!
- Mum-my, take!
References
[edit]- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 30
Udmurt
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Permic [Term?], from Proto-Uralic *mi. Cognates include Moksha мезе (meźe), Veps mi and Hungarian mi.
Permic ognates include Komi-Zyrian мый (myj) and Komi-Yazva мөй (måj).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ма • (ma)
References
[edit]- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ма”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 418
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 46
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian particles
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian conjunctions
- Bulgarian colloquialisms
- Bulgarian interjections
- Bulgarian derogatory terms
- Bulgarian terms with quotations
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- Komi-Permyak terms inherited from Proto-Permic
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Proto-Permic
- Komi-Permyak terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Indo-European languages
- Komi-Permyak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Komi-Permyak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Permyak lemmas
- Komi-Permyak nouns
- Komi-Zyrian terms inherited from Proto-Permic
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Proto-Permic
- Komi-Zyrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Indo-European languages
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Zyrian lemmas
- Komi-Zyrian nouns
- kpv:Beekeeping
- kpv:Condiments
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
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- Macedonian vulgarities
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- Mariupol Greek terms inherited from Byzantine Greek
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- Northern Khanty terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Kazym Khanty
- Ossetian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ossetian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ossetian lemmas
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- Iron Ossetian
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- Southern Yukaghir terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Southern Yukaghir/aʔ
- Rhymes:Southern Yukaghir/aʔ/1 syllable
- Southern Yukaghir lemmas
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- Udmurt terms inherited from Proto-Permic
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- Udmurt terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Udmurt/ä
- Rhymes:Udmurt/ä/1 syllable
- Udmurt lemmas
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