右

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See also: 石 and 有
右 U+53F3, 右
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F3
← 史
[U+53F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叴 →
[U+53F4]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
5 strokes

Han character[edit]

右 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大口 (KR), four-corner 40600, composition ⿸𠂇口)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 173, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3250
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 569, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53F3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 右
alternative forms 又
厷

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 右
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
右-oracle.svg 右-bronze.svg 右-silk.svg 右-seal.svg 右-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絠 *kɯːʔ
醢 *qʰɯːʔ
珛 *qʰʷɯs
栯 *ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ
有 *ɢʷɯʔ
友 *ɢʷɯʔ
右 *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs
宥 *ɢʷɯs
囿 *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ
侑 *ɢʷɯs
酭 *ɢʷɯs
姷 *ɢʷɯs
又 *ɢʷɯs
佑 *ɢʷɯs
祐 *ɢʷɯs
賄 *qʰʷɯːʔ
蛕 *qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː
烠 *ɡʷɯː
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
鮪 *ɢʷɯʔ
洧 *ɢʷɯʔ
痏 *ɢʷɯʔ
郁 *qʷɯ
戫 *qʷɯ
哊 *ɡʷɯ

Originally 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) in the oracle bone script.

In bronze inscriptions, a 口 (“mouth; speech”) component was added, perhaps with the intention of indicating the use of 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) is a phonetic loan. In other words, the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs) and ideogrammic compound (會意): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + semantic 口.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(j/r)a (“right (hand)”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཡས (g.yas, “right”), Jingpho hkra (khʒa⁵⁵, “right”), Burmese ယာ (ya), ညာ (nya).

友 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “be friendly; friend”) is the endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to aid”), 祐 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “(of divinity) to assist; to bless”), 宥 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to pardon; magnanimous”) are exoactive derivations of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (ibid.).

“(politics) right-wing”
Semantic loan from English right, in turn a semantic loan from French droite.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • iou5 - vernacular;
  • iou4 - literary.
Rime
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 云久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
No. 15597
Phonetic
component 		又
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		有
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

右

  1. right (direction)
    右手  ―  yòushǒu  ―  right hand
  2. west; areas to the west
  3. (historical) right side as the side of precedence
  4. (politics) right-wing
  5. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 右 (“right”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 右
Mandarin Beijing 右
Taiwan 右
Malaysia 右
Singapore 右
Cantonese Guangzhou 右
Hong Kong 右
Macau 右
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 右
Singapore (Guangfu) 右
Min Dong Fuzhou 右
Min Nan Xiamen 正
Quanzhou 正
Zhangzhou 正
Taipei 正
New Taipei (Sanxia) 正
Kaohsiung 正
Yilan 正
Changhua (Lukang) 正
Taichung 正
Tainan 正
Hsinchu 正
Kinmen 正
Penghu (Magong) 正
Penang (Hokkien) 正
Singapore (Hokkien) 正
Manila (Hokkien) 正
Chaozhou 正
Shantou 正
Jieyang 正
Singapore (Teochew) 正
Wenchang 右
Wu Ningbo 順手半邊
Antonyms[edit]
  • 左 (zuǒ, “left”)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s/ (~ *m-qʷəʔ)
English right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
No. 15604
Phonetic
component 		又
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		宥
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷɯs/

Definitions[edit]

右

  1. † Original form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”).
  2. † Original form of 祐 (yòu, “to protect; to bless”).
  3. † to take somebody's side
  4. † Alternative form of 侑 (yòu, “to urge somebody to eat or drink”).

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (右):
  • → Japanese: 右(う) (u); 右(ゆう) (yū)
  • → Korean: 우 (右, u)
  • → Vietnamese: hữu (右)

Others:

  • → Bouyei: gvaz (“right”)
  • → Lao: ຂວາ (khuā, “right”)
  • → Lü: ᦧᦱ (ẋwaa, “right”)
  • → Northern Thai: ᨡ᩠ᩅᩣ (“right”)
  • → Shan: ၶႂႃ (khwǎa, “right”)
  • → Thai: ขวา (kwǎa, “right”)
  • → Zhuang: gvaz (“right”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

右

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. right
  2. conservative
  3. right-wing, right fielder
  4. respect for
  5. aid, assist, counsel

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
みぎ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

右(みぎ) • (migi) 

  1. right (direction)
    • 1999 July 22, “封(ふう)印(いん)されし者(もの)の右(みぎ)足(あし) [Right Leg of the Sealed One]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      封(ふう)印(いん)された右(みぎ)足(あし)。封(ふう)印(いん)を解(と)くと、無(む)限(げん)の力(ちから)を得(え)られる。
      Fūinsareta migiashi. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
      A sealed right leg. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
    私(わたし)は右(みぎ)の目(め)が見(み)えない。
    Watashi wa migi no me ga mienai.
    I can't see with my right eye.
  2. (in vertical writing of Japanese, with columns running right to left) the above statement, foregoing
  3. (politics) the right wing, a rightist
  4. (historical) a superior during in the Chinese Warring States period
    Synonym: 上位 (jōi)
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs[edit]
Proverbs

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
みぎり
Grade: 1
Irregular

The final り (ri) is likely by analogy with its antonym 左 (hidari, “left”).[3]

Noun[edit]

右(みぎり) • (migiri) 

  1. (archaic) Same as みぎ (migi) above

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
ゆう
Grade: 1
kan’on

The “right (direction)” and “respect, esteem, value” senses are from Middle Chinese 右 (MC ɦɨuX).

The “aid, assist” sense is from Middle Chinese 右 / 佑 (MC ɦɨuH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

右(ゆう) • (yū) ←いう (iu)?

  1. right (direction)
  2. respect; esteem; value
  3. Alternative form of 佑 (yū, “aid; assist”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
う
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 右 (MC ɦɨuX).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

右(う) • (u-) 

  1. right (direction)
  2. (politics) right-wing
  3. (baseball) right fielder
  4. (history, government) "of the right", junior or subordinate to 左 (sa-, “of the left”)
    右(う)衛(え)門(もん)
    Uemon
    the Gate Guard of the Right
    右(う)大(だい)臣(じん)
    Udaijin
    the Minister of the Right

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Hanja[edit]

右 (eumhun 오른쪽 우 (oreunjjok u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“right (direction)”).

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

右 (eumhun 도울 우 (doul u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“to help; to aid; to assist; to give a hand”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

右: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

  1. right (direction)
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