右

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See also: 石 and 有
右 U+53F3, 右
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F3
← 史
[U+53F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叴 →
[U+53F4]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
5 strokes

Han character[edit]

右 (radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大口 (KR), four-corner 40600, composition ⿸𠂇口)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 173, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3250
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 569, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53F3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 右
alternative forms 又
厷

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 右
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
右-oracle.svg 右-bronze.svg 右-silk.svg 右-seal.svg 右-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絠 *kɯːʔ
醢 *qʰɯːʔ
珛 *qʰʷɯs
栯 *ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ
有 *ɢʷɯʔ
友 *ɢʷɯʔ
右 *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs
宥 *ɢʷɯs
囿 *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ
侑 *ɢʷɯs
酭 *ɢʷɯs
姷 *ɢʷɯs
又 *ɢʷɯs
佑 *ɢʷɯs
祐 *ɢʷɯs
賄 *qʰʷɯːʔ
蛕 *qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː
烠 *ɡʷɯː
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
鮪 *ɢʷɯʔ
洧 *ɢʷɯʔ
痏 *ɢʷɯʔ
郁 *qʷɯ
戫 *qʷɯ
哊 *ɡʷɯ

Originally 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) in the oracle bone script.

In bronze inscriptions, a 口 (“mouth; speech”) component was added, perhaps with the intention of indicating the use of 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) is a phonetic loan. In other words, the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs) + semantic 口.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(j/r)a (“right (hand)”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཡས (g.yas, “right”), Jingpho hkra (khʒa⁵⁵, “right”), Burmese ယာ (ya), ညာ (nya).

友 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “be friendly; friend”) is the endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to aid”), 祐 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “(of divinity) to assist; to bless”), 宥 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to pardon; magnanimous”) are exoactive derivations of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (ibid.).

“(politics) right-wing”
Semantic loan from English right, in turn a semantic loan from French droite.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • iou5 - vernacular;
  • iou4 - literary.
Rime
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 云久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǒu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
No. 15597
Phonetic
component 		又
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		有
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

右

  1. right (direction)
    右手  ―  yòushǒu  ―  right hand
  2. west; areas to the west
  3. (historical) right side as the side of precedence
  4. (politics) right-wing
  5. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 右 (“right”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 右
Mandarin Beijing 右
Taiwan 右
Malaysia 右
Singapore 右
Cantonese Guangzhou 右
Hong Kong 右
Macau 右
Kuala Lumpur 右
Singapore 右
Min Dong Fuzhou 右
Min Nan Xiamen 正
Quanzhou 正
Zhangzhou 正
Taipei 正
Kaohsiung 正
Tainan 正
Taichung 正
Hsinchu 正
Lukang 正
Sanxia 正
Yilan 正
Kinmen 正
Magong 正
Penang (Hokkien) 正
Singapore (Hokkien) 正
Chaozhou 正
Shantou 正
Jieyang 正
Singapore (Teochew) 正
Wenchang 右
Antonyms[edit]
  • 左 (zuǒ, “left”)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yòu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s/ (~ *m-qʷəʔ)
English right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
No. 15604
Phonetic
component 		又
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		宥
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷɯs/

Definitions[edit]

右

  1. † Original form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”).
  2. † Original form of 祐 (yòu, “to protect; to bless”).
  3. † to take somebody's side
  4. † Alternative form of 侑 (yòu, “to urge somebody to eat or drink”).

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (右):
  • → Japanese: 右(う) (u); 右(ゆう) (yū)
  • → Korean: 우 (右, u)
  • → Vietnamese: hữu (右)

Others:

  • → Bouyei: gvaz (“right”)
  • → Lao: ຂວາ (khuā, “right”)
  • → Lü: ᦧᦱ (ẋwaa, “right”)
  • → Northern Thai: ᨡ᩠ᩅᩣ (“right”)
  • → Shan: ၶႂႃ (khwǎa, “right”)
  • → Thai: ขวา (kwǎa, “right”)
  • → Zhuang: gvaz (“right”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

右

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. right
  2. conservative
  3. right-wing, right fielder
  4. respect for
  5. aid, assist, counsel

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
みぎ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

右(みぎ) • (migi) 

  1. right (direction)
    • 1999 July 22, “封(ふう)印(いん)されし者(もの)の右(みぎ)足(あし) [Right Leg of the Sealed One]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      封(ふう)印(いん)された右(みぎ)足(あし)。封(ふう)印(いん)を解(と)くと、無(む)限(げん)の力(ちから)を得(え)られる。
      Fūinsareta migiashi. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
      A sealed right leg. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
  2. (in vertical writing of Japanese, with columns running right to left) the above statement, foregoing
  3. (politics) the right wing, a rightist
  4. (historical) a superior during in the Chinese Warring States period
    Synonym: 上位 (jōi)
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs[edit]
Proverbs

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
みぎり
Grade: 1
Irregular

The final り (ri) is likely by analogy with its antonym 左 (hidari, “left”).[3]

Noun[edit]

右(みぎり) • (migiri) 

  1. (archaic) Same as みぎ (migi) above

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
ゆう
Grade: 1
kan’on

The “right (direction)” and “respect, esteem, value” senses are from Middle Chinese 右 (MC ɦɨuX).

The “aid, assist” sense is from Middle Chinese 右 / 佑 (MC ɦɨuH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

右(ゆう) • (yū)  (historical kana いう)

  1. right (direction)
  2. respect; esteem; value
  3. Alternative form of 佑 (yū, “aid; assist”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
右
う
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 右 (MC ɦɨuX).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

右(う) • (u) 

  1. right (direction)
  2. (politics) right-wing
  3. (baseball) right fielder

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Hanja[edit]

右 (eumhun 오른쪽 우 (oreunjjok u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“right (direction)”).

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

右 (eumhun 도울 우 (doul u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“to help; to aid; to assist; to give a hand”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

右: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

  1. right (direction)
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