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west

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: West

English

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West.
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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    PIE word
    *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros

    From Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr (“western”), from Proto-Germanic *westrą (“west”), from Proto-Germanic *westraz (“west”), from Proto-Indo-European *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros (“evening”).

    Cognates

    Cognate with Scots wast (“west”), North Frisian waast, weest, wäst (“west”), Saterland Frisian Wääste (“west”), West Frisian and Dutch west (“west”), German West (“west”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk vest (“west”), Faroese and Icelandic vestur (“west”), Swedish väst, väster (“west”); also with Irish feascar, feasgar (“evening; vespers”), Cornish gorthugher (“evening”), Manx fastyr (“afternoon, evening; vespers”), Scottish Gaelic feasgar (“afternoon, evening”), Latin vesper (“evening”), Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos, “evening; western”), Latvian vakars (“evening”), Lithuanian vakaras (“evening”), Czech, Slovak and Slovene večer (“evening”), Kashubian wieczór (“evening”), Polish wieczerz, wieczór (“evening”), Russian вечер (večer, “evening”), Serbo-Croatian вече, вечер, veče, večer (“evening”), Armenian գիշեր (gišer, “night”). Compare also Catalan oest (“west”), French ouest (“west”), Galician oeste, ueste (“west”), Italian ovest (“west”), Portuguese, Spanish oeste (“west”) (all ultimately borrowings of the Old English word).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    west (plural wests)

    2. The direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, specifically 270°.
      Alternative form: (abbreviation) W
      We used to live in the west of the country.
      Portugal lies to the west of Spain.
    3. The western region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
    4. (ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the gallery, opposite to the altar, and opposite to the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.
      • 1997, John Haskell, John Callanan, Sydney Architecture, UNSW Press, →ISBN:
        In two respects, however, the cathedral [of St. Mary's in Sydney, Australia] differs from English traditions: it is oriented north-south, not east-west; and its main entry is from the south (liturgical west) between the two towers, in the French manner.
      • 2000, Mark L. MacDonald, The Chant of Life: Liturgical Studies Four, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 98:
        The seating for honored persons (clergy) is at the liturgical west, opposite the entrance and lectern.
      • 2007, Patrick Malloy, Celebrating the Eucharist: A Practical Ceremonial Guide for Clergy and Other Liturgical Ministers, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 155:
        In most worship spaces, this will put the thurifer and gospeller facing liturgical west, book bearer facing liturgical east (or the book on the reading desk), and the torch bearers turned inward, facing the book.
      • 2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:
        Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

    Coordinate terms

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    compass points:  [edit]

    northwest north northeast
    west east
    southwest south southeast

    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    Also see Appendix:Cardinal directions for translations of all compass points

    Adjective

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    west (not comparable)

    1. Situated or lying in or toward the west; westward.
    2. (meteorology) Of wind: from the west.
    3. Of or pertaining to the west; western.
    4. From the West; occidental.
    5. (ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical west, that part of a church which is opposite to, and farthest from, the part containing the chancel.
      • 2008, Philip Temple, Northern Clerkenwell and Pentonville, Paul Mellon Ctr for Studies, →ISBN, page 356:
        Interior in 1925, (left) looking north to chancel and (right) looking south (to liturgical west end) It was on account of this connection that St James's became the clowns 'church', an annual clowns' service being held there ...
      • 2017, Stephen Kite, Building Ruskin's Italy: Watching Architecture, Routledge, →ISBN, page 48:
        as in the mosaic of the ascension on San Frediano's liturgical west (geographically east) façade.
      • 2019, Sarah Hosking, "Coventry Cathedral", in Prickett Stephen Prickett, Edinburgh Companion to the Bible and the Arts, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 371:
        Spence had decided on a huge image of Christ on the [liturgical] east end [which is the geographic north], filling the entire wall and to be visible through the [liturgical] West Window (Fig. 24.2).

    Translations

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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Adverb

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    west (comparative further west or farther west, superlative furthest west or farthest west)

    1. Towards the west; westwards.
      This thoroughfare bears (to the) West.

    Translations

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    Verb

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    west (third-person singular simple present wests, present participle westing, simple past and past participle wested)

    1. (intransitive) To move to the west; (of the sun), to set. [from 15th c.]

    Anagrams

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    Cornish

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    Etymology

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    From English west.

    Noun

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    west m

    1. west

    Synonyms

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    Antonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Dutch west, from Old Dutch west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą. Compare German West, English and West Frisian west, Danish vest.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    west

    1. (only in compounds) west
    2. westwards

    Synonyms

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    Antonyms

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    Coordinate terms

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    compass point adverbs:  [edit]

    noordwest noord noordoost
    west oost
    zuidwest zuid zuidoost

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Afrikaans: wes
    • Negerhollands: west
    • → Papiamentu: wèst

    Italian

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English west.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    west m (invariable)

    1. West (historic area of America)

    References

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    1. ^ “west” in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
    See also: ost

    Kashubian

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps?
    Proto-Indo-European *wek⁽ʷ⁾sperosder.
    Proto-Germanic *westraz
    Proto-West Germanic *westr
    Old High German *west
    Middle High German west
    German Westbor.
    Kashubian west

      Borrowed from German West.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈvɛst/
      • Rhymes: -ɛst
      • Syllabification: west

      Noun

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      west m inan

      1. (fishing) west
        Synonyms: zôchód, zôpôd

      Declension

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      Declension of west
      singular plural
      nominative west westë
      genitive westu westów
      dative westowi westóm
      accusative west westë
      instrumental westã westama
      locative wesce westach
      vocative west/wesce westë

      Coordinate terms

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      compass points:  [edit]

      norda
      północ
      zôchód pòrénk
      wschód
      pôłnie

      Further reading

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      • Jan Trepczyk (1994), “zachód”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
      • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “zachód”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
      • “west”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

      Low German

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      Verb

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      west

      1. past participle of wesen

      Middle English

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      Etymology 1

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        From Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *west, *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą, from *westraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros (“evening”).

        Alternative forms

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        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        west

        2. west (compass point)
        3. A location to the south; the south
        4. The west wind
        Coordinate terms
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        Derived terms
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        Descendants
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        Adjective

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        west

        2. west, western
        3. At the west
        Descendants
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        Adverb

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        west

        2. To the west, westwards, westbound
        3. From the west, western
        4. In the west
        Descendants
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        References

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        Etymology 2

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        Adjective

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        west

        1. alternative form of weste (“desolate”)

        Etymology 3

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        Verb

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        west

        1. alternative form of westen (“to move west”)

        Middle High German

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        Etymology

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          From Old High German *west.

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈwes̠t/, /ˈwɛs̠t/

          Noun

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          west or wëst m

          1. west
            Synonym: westen

          Declension

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          Declension of west (strong masculine without umlaut)
          singular plural
          indef. def. noun def. noun
          nominative ein dër west die weste
          genitive eines dës westes dër weste
          dative eime dëm weste dën westen
          accusative einen dën west die weste

          Coordinate terms

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          compass points (short-form):  [edit]

          nord
          west ōst
          sunt

          Descendants

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          References

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          • Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “west”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.
          • Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “west”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎[2] (in German), 3rd edition

          Northern Kurdish

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          Noun

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          west f

          1. act of tiring or getting tired

          Derived terms

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          Old English

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          Alternative forms

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          Etymology

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            From Proto-West Germanic *westr, see also Old High German west, Old Norse vestr.

            Pronunciation

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            Adverb

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            west

            1. west
              • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
                [Wiht] is þrittiġes mīla lang ēast ⁊ west, ⁊ twelf mīla brād sūð ⁊ norð.
                [Wight] is thirty miles long east-to-west and twelve miles wide north-to-south.

            Derived terms

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            Descendants

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            • Middle English: west
            • → Old French: west (see there for further descendants)

            Old French

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            Etymology

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            Borrowed from Old English west.

            Adverb

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            west

            1. west

            Descendants

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            Old Saxon

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            Verb

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            wēst

            1. second-person present indicative of witan

            West Frisian

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            Etymology 1

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            From Old Frisian west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr (“western”), from Proto-Germanic *westrą (“west”), from Proto-Germanic *westraz (“west”), from Proto-Indo-European *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros (“evening”).

            Noun

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            west

            1. west

            Etymology 2

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            Verb

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            west

            1. past participle of wêze
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