左
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
左 (radical 48, 工+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大一 (KM), four-corner 40011, composition ⿸𠂇工)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 325, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8720
- Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 411, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5DE6
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
左 | |
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alternative forms | 𠂇 𢀡 㔫 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 左 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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左 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls |
佐 | *ʔsaːls |
袏 | *ʔslaːls |
蹉 | *sʰlaːl |
瑳 | *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ |
搓 | *sʰlaːl |
磋 | *sʰlaːl |
溠 | *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls |
傞 | *sʰlaːl, *slaːl |
醝 | *zlaːl |
瘥 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls |
鹺 | *zlaːl |
嵯 | *zlaːl, *sʰral |
嵳 | *zlaːl |
蒫 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl |
艖 | *zlaːl, *sʰraːl |
齹 | *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral |
縒 | *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ |
褨 | *slaːlʔ |
嗟 | *ʔsljal |
差 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral |
鎈 | *sʰraːl |
槎 | *zraːl, *zraːlʔ |
髊 | *zlals |
Originally as 𠂇 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare 又 (“right hand”).
Late bronze inscription forms show an added 工 (“work; to assist?”) component, i.e. the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls): phonetic 𠂇 + semantic 工, representing the original form of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (“left (hand)”) (STEDT).
- “(politics) left-wing”
- Semantic loan from English left, in turn a semantic loan from French gauche.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
左
- left (direction)
- 左手 ― zuǒshǒu ― left hand
- east; areas to the east
- (historical) inferior position
- unorthodox; wrong
- erroneously; mistakingly
- different; divided; inconsistent
- (politics) left-wing
- (Sichuanese, of singing) out of tune; off-key
- (Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese) to exchange
- (Min Dong) devious, dishonest
- (Xiang) wrong; incorrect
- A surname.
- 左宗棠 ― Zuǒ Zōngtáng ― Zuo Zongtang
Usage notes[edit]
In communist publications, 左 is usually put in quotation marks when referring to something further to the left of the correct party line.
Synonyms[edit]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 左 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 左 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 左 |
Taiwan | 左 | |
Tianjin | 左 | |
Tangshan | 左 | |
Cangzhou | 左 | |
Baoding | 左 | |
Shijiazhuang | 左 | |
Harbin | 左 | |
Shenyang | 左 | |
Qingdao | 左 | |
Jinan | 左 | |
Zhengzhou | 左 | |
Xi'an | 左 | |
Yinchuan | 左 | |
Lanzhou | 左 | |
Xining | 左 | |
Ürümqi | 左 | |
Wuhan | 左 | |
Chengdu | 左 | |
Chongqing | 左 | |
Guiyang | 左 | |
Kunming | 左 | |
Guilin | 左 | |
Liuzhou | 左 | |
Xuzhou | 左 | |
Yangzhou | 左 | |
Nanjing | 左 | |
Hefei | 左 | |
Nantong | 左 | |
Malaysia | 左 | |
Singapore | 左 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 左 |
Hong Kong | 左 | |
Macau | 左 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 左 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 左 | |
Huizhou | Shexian | 左 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 左 |
Xinzhou | 左 | |
Linhe | 左 | |
Jining | 左 | |
Hohhot | 左 | |
Zhangjiakou | 左 | |
Handan | 左 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 左 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 倒 |
Quanzhou | 倒 | |
Zhangzhou | 倒 | |
Taipei | 倒 | |
Kaohsiung | 倒 | |
Tainan | 倒 | |
Taichung | 倒 | |
Hsinchu | 倒 | |
Lukang | 倒 | |
Sanxia | 倒 | |
Yilan | 倒 | |
Kinmen | 倒 | |
Magong | 倒 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 倒 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 倒 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 倒 | |
Chaozhou | 倒 | |
Shantou | 倒 | |
Jieyang | 倒 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 倒 | |
Wenchang | 左 |
Antonyms[edit]
- 右 (yòu, “right”)
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
左
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Ahom: 𑜏𑜩 (say, “left”)
- → Bouyei: soix (“left”)
- → Lao: ຊ້າຍ (sāi, “left”)
- → Shan: သၢႆႉ (sâ̰ay, “left”)
- → Thai: ซ้าย (sáai, “left”)
- → Zhuang: swix (“left”)
References[edit]
- “左”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01151
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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左 |
ひだり Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
/hidari/: *[pidari] → [ɸidari] → [çidari].
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (direction) left, the side of the left hand
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 229)
- Fidari. ヒダリ (左) 左手, または, 左の方
- 1999 August 10, “封印されし者の左腕 [Left Arm of the Sealed One]”, in 幻の召喚神 [Phantom God], Konami:
- 封印された左腕。封印を解くと、無限の力を得られる。
- Fūinsareta hidariude. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
- A sealed left arm. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
- 封印された左腕。封印を解くと、無限の力を得られる。
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 229)
- (politics) a leftist
Antonyms[edit]
- (left): 右 (migi, “right”)
Derived terms[edit]
- 左側 (hidarigawa)
- 左利き (hidarikiki)
- 左手 (hidarite)
- 左巻き (hidarimaki)
- 左上 (hidariue)
- 左下 (hidarishita)
- 右左 (migihidari)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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左 |
さ Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the left in vertical writing
- the following (one)
- 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
- 吾輩はまず彼がどのくらい無学であるかを試してみようと思って左の問答をして見た。
- Wagahai wa mazu kare ga dono kurai mugaku de aru ka o tameshite miyō to omotte sa no mondō o shite mita.
- To judge just how uneducated he was, I posed the following question.
- 吾輩はまず彼がどのくらい無学であるかを試してみようと思って左の問答をして見た。
- 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
References[edit]
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 左 (MC t͡sɑX).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕwa̠ː]
- Phonetic hangeul: [좌ː]
- Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.
Hanja[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- left (direction)
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han characters from which hiragana were derived
- Han pictograms
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese semantic loans from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- Chinese semantic loans from French
- Chinese terms derived from French
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Min Bei nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
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- Cantonese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
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- Min Nan adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
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- Xiang adjectives
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- Mandarin adverbs
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- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
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- Jin proper nouns
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- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- zh:Politics
- Sichuanese Mandarin
- Southwestern Mandarin
- Min Dong Chinese
- Xiang Chinese
- Chinese surnames
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひだり
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading さ
- Japanese terms spelled with 左 read as ひだり
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 左
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Politics
- Japanese terms spelled with 左 read as さ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters