From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: and
U+5DEE, 差
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DEE

[U+5DED]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5DEF]

Translingual

[edit]
Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms

[edit]

Note that the character in simplified Chinese has 9 strokes. Simplified from (𦍌丿)

Han character

[edit]
Taiwan and Hong Kong stroke order

(Kangxi radical 48, +7 in traditional Chinese, 工+6 in simplified Chinese, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿手一 (TQM), four-corner 80211, composition 𦍌丿(HTJK) or (GV))

Stroke order
10 strokes

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8732
  • Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 413, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5DEE

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𢀩
𢀠
𢀞

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (wheat) + 𠂇 (left hand) – to hull wheat by rubbing grains inside hands. Original form of (OC *sʰlaːl, “to rub with hands; to scrub; to twist”).

or was later added under 𠂇 to form (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”), which is also this character's phonetic component.

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note:
  • chā - literary (“to differ; mistake; (maths) difference; barely”);
  • chà - colloquial (“to differ; wrong; inferior; to be short of; to owe”).

Rime
Character
Reading # 4/5 2/5
Initial () (19) (19)
Final () (98) (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Baxter tsrhae tsrhea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠa/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰa/ /t͡ʃʰæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰa/ /t͡ʃʰɛ/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰa/ /t͡ʃʰai/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰa/ /ʈ͡ʂʰai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chā chāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caa1 caai1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chā
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrhæ ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsʰraj/
English distinction; to select

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/6 3/6 4/6
No. 18030 18037 18038
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰraːls/ /*sʰreːl/ /*sʰreːl/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to differ from; to be different; dissimilar; incongruous
  2. wrong; incorrect; erroneous
  3. inferior; poor; substandard
    [Cantonese]  ―  coeng3 dak1 hou2 caa1 [Jyutping]  ―  sing poorly
  4. difference; discrepancy
  5. mistake; wrongdoing
  6. (mathematics) difference
  7. to be short of; to fall short of
  8. to owe
  9. rather; barely; nearly; almost
  10. 11th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "divergence" (𝌐)
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (wrong):
  • (inferior):
edit

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Note:
  • chhe/chhee - vernacular;
  • chhai - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/5
Initial () (19)
Final () (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter tsrheaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨj/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰɛi/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caai1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/5 3/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chāi chāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrhɛ › ‹ tsrhɛj ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]raj/ /*[tsʰ](ˁ)raj/
English distinction; to select distinction; to select

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/6
No. 18029
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰraːl/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to dispatch; to assign; to send on an errand
  2. to select; to choose
  3. (historical) runner; courier; envoy; messenger
  4. (historical) corvée
  5. errand; task

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 3

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading # 1/5
Initial () (19)
Final () (13)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsrhje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰiɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰjiə̆/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰje/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ci1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 4/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrhje ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsʰraj/
English 參差 uneven

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 6/6
No. 18042
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰral/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. uneven; irregular; rough
      ―  cēn  ―  uneven
  2. to distinguish; to grade; to classify
  3. grade; rank
  4. limit; boundary

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 4

[edit]


BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English rub, polish, file (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Original form of (cuō, “to rub with one's hands; to scrub; to twist”).

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 5

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading # 5/5
Initial () (19)
Final () (31)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caai3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 5/6
No. 18039
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰreːls/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Original form of (chài, “to recover from an illness”).

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrhae); compare Mandarin (chā):

  • Go-on: しゃ (sha)
  • Kan-on: (sa, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrheaj); compare Mandarin (chà):

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrhje); compare Mandarin ():

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrhea); compare Mandarin (chāi):

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrheaH); compare Mandarin (chài):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrhje|tsrhea|tsrheaj|tsrhae|tsrheaH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (sa

  1. (generally) difference
    Synonyms: 差異 (sai), 違い (chigai)
    ()(きん)(りょく)()()ける
    shikin ryoku de sa o tsukeru
    to make a difference in the financial power
  2. (arithmetic) difference
    Antonym: (sum) (wa)
    (きゅう)(じゅう)(なな)(じゅう)(はち)()(じゅう)()である。
    Kyūjū to nanajūhachi no sa wa jūni de aru.
    The difference of ninety and seventy-eight is twelve.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrhea|tsrhae|tsrheaH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 다를 (dareul cha))

  1. hanja form? of (difference; to distinguish)
  2. hanja form? of (to select; to assign; to dispatch)
  3. hanja form? of (to recover from an illness)
    (快)kwaechacomplete recovery from an illness

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC tsrhje, “uneven”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun 어긋날 (eogeunnal chi))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of (uneven; irregular; rough)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: sai, sái, si, sươi, sau, sây, soa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.