穀
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Translingual[edit]
| Traditional | 穀 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 穀 |
| Simplified | 谷 |
Han character[edit]
穀 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10 in Chinese, 禾+9 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 土木竹弓水 (GDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition ⿰⿱⿳士冖一禾殳 (GHTK) or ⿰⿳士冖禾殳 (J))
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 858, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25221
- Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2164, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7A40
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 穀 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 谷* | |
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloːɡ): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 𣪊 ().
Etymology[edit]
From Austroasiatic or an area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:
- Proto-Vietic *r-koːʔ (“husked rice”), Khmu [script needed] (rŋkoʔ, “husked rice”)
- Jingpho n-gu (n³³ ku³³, “rice (uncooked)”) (from Austroasiatic)
- Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”) (borrowed from Austroasiatic, whence Thai ข้าว (kâao, “rice”))
- Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “rice; paddy”)
STEDT compares this to provisional Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuk (“rice, grain (crop)”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
穀
- corn; grain; cereal
- 五穀 / 五谷 ― wǔgǔ ― Five Grains
- 歲凶，年穀不登，君膳不祭肺，馬不食穀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Suì xiōng, nián gǔ bùdēng, jūn shàn bù jì fèi, mǎ bù shí gǔ. [Pinyin]
- In bad years, when the grain of the season is not coming to maturity, the ruler at his meals will not make the (usual) offering of the lungs, nor will his horses be fed on grain.
岁凶，年谷不登，君膳不祭肺，马不食谷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- foxtail millet (Setaria italica, the plant or the unhulled grain)
- (obsolete) salary
- (obsolete) to rear; to bring up
- (obsolete) to live
- 穀則異室，死則同穴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gǔ zé yì shì, sǐ zé tóng xué. [Pinyin]
- While living, we may have to occupy different apartments;
But when dead, we shall share the same grave.
谷则异室，死则同穴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (regional) paddy; unhulled rice
- (regional) rice plant
- (obsolete) good; fine
- 穀旦于差，南方之原。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gǔdàn yú chāi, nánfāng zhī yuán. [Pinyin]
- A good morning having been chosen,
For the plain in the South.
谷旦于差，南方之原。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms[edit]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 粟, 禾, 嘉穀, 稷 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粟 | |
| Taxonomic name | 粟 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 穀子 |
| Harbin | 穀子 | |
| Muping | 穀 | |
| Jinan | 穀子 | |
| Luoyang | 穀子 | |
| Wanrong | 穀 | |
| Xi'an | 穀子 | |
| Yinchuan | 穀子 | |
| Lanzhou | 穀子 | |
| Xining | 穀子 | |
| Wuhan | 粟穀 grain | |
| Chengdu | 小米 | |
| Guiyang | 小米 | |
| Xuzhou | 穀子 | |
| Yangzhou | 穀子 | |
| Nanjing | 小米 | |
| Hefei | 穀子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狗尾粟, 粟 |
| Yangjiang | 狗尾粟, 粟仔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 粟仔, 黃粟仔, 狗尾粟 |
| Yudu | 狗尾粟, 貓尾粟, 黃粟 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 粟 plant, 粟穀 grain |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 穀子, 穀 |
| Xinzhou | 穀 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 蘆粟, 狗尾粟 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 秮, 犬尾秮 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 黍仔 |
| Chaozhou | 秮 | |
| Jieyang | 秮 | |
| Haikou | 粟 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 粟禾 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小米 |
| Suzhou | 粟 | |
| Danyang | 小米 | |
| Wenzhou | 粟米 | |
| Jinhua | 粟兒 plant, 粟穀 grain | |
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- “穀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
| 穀 | |
| 穀 |
Kanji[edit]
穀
(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 穀)
- grain
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
穀 • (gok, gu) (hangeul 곡, 구, revised gok, gu, McCune–Reischauer kok, ku, Yale kok, kwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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