穴

See also: 六 and 冘

穴 U+7A74, 穴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A74 ← 穳 [U+7A73] CJK Unified Ideographs 穵 → [U+7A75]

⽳ U+2F73, ⽳ KANGXI RADICAL CAVE ← ⽲ [U+2F72] Kangxi Radicals ⽴ → [U+2F74]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

穴 (radical 116, 穴+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十金 (JC), four-corner 3080₂, composition ⿱宀八)

1. Kangxi radical #116, ⽳.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/穴
• 𠱇 坹 岤 㧒 泬 狖 柼 袕 䋉 䛎 貁 鴥 䴳
• 空 鴪 帘 屄 茓 𡢠 𢱑 攨 㴏 矈 臱 邃 邉

References

• KangXi: page 862, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25406
• Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 37
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7A74

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Chinese

trad.		穴
simp. #		穴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 穴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
泬	*qʰʷliːɡ
坹	*qʰʷliːɡ, *ɡʷliːɡ
穴	*ɡʷliːɡ
袕	*ɡʷliːɡ, *ɢʷjiɡ
鴪	*ɢʷiɡ

Pictogram (象形)—possibly an entrance to a cave or a door flap.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xué, xuè

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hie̍t / hia̍t
• Min Bei (KCR): hiē
• Min Dong (BUC): hiĕk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hia̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huag⁸ / huêg⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhyq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: xué
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syué
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: xuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyut⁶
    • Yale: yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hie̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: hied
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯et̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯at̚⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiē
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɛ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: hia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛt̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛt̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huag⁸ / huêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/

Note:

• huag8 - Shantou;
• huêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhyq (T5)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 穴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵¹/ /ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕye⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕye²¹³/ 新 /ɕie²¹³/ 舊
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiat̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/hiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyt̚²/
	Nanning	/yt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jyt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/huak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hit̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦwet̚/

Rime
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡決切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuet̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiwet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷliːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué
Middle Chinese	‹ hwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁi[t]/
English	cave, pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14092
Phonetic component	穴
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	穴
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷliːɡ/

Definitions

穴

1. hole
2. grave (pit)
3. cave; cavern
4. (figuratively) lair; den
5. (traditional Chinese medicine) acupoint

Synonyms

• (hole):

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
	Jinan	窟窿
	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Nanjing	窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
	Singapore	洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	空
	Dongshi (Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	川
Min Dong	Fuzhou	空空
Min Nan	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Changtai	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

Compounds

• 丹穴
• 井穴
• 兩鼠鬥穴／两鼠斗穴
• 八會穴／八会穴
• 匪穴 (fěixué)
• 十鼠同穴
• 十鼠爭穴／十鼠争穴
• 同穴
• 啞穴／哑穴
• 土穴
• 墓穴 (mùxué)
• 壺穴／壶穴
• 壽穴／寿穴 (shòuxué)
• 太陽穴／太阳穴 (tàiyángxué)
• 孔穴 (kǒngxué)
• 巖居穴處／岩居穴处
• 巖穴／岩穴
• 巖穴之士／岩穴之士
• 巢居穴處／巢居穴处
• 巢穴 (cháoxué)
• 掃穴犁庭／扫穴犁庭
• 掘穴
• 武穴 (Wǔxué)

• 洞穴 (dòngxué)
• 犁庭掃穴／犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
• 猿穴壞山／猿穴坏山
• 瓊廚金穴／琼厨金穴
• 禹穴
• 穴位 (xuéwèi)
• 穴子
• 穴寶蓋兒／穴宝盖儿
• 穴居 (xuéjū)
• 穴居野處／穴居野处
• 穴施
• 穴處之徒／穴处之徒
• 穴處知雨／穴处知雨
• 穴見／穴见
• 穴見小儒／穴见小儒
• 穴診儀／穴诊仪
• 穴道
• 穴隙
• 穴頭／穴头
• 空穴來風／空穴来风 (kōngxuéláifēng)
• 窟穴
• 管穴
• 結穴／结穴

• 經穴／经穴
• 群居穴處／群居穴处
• 耳穴 (ěrxué)
• 薰穴求君
• 虎穴 (hǔxué)
• 虎穴龍潭／虎穴龙潭
• 蟻穴／蚁穴 (yǐxué)
• 補垣塞穴／补垣塞穴
• 複穴／复穴
• 踰牆鑽穴／踰墙钻穴
• 迴穴／回穴
• 郝穴 (Hǎoxué)
• 金穴
• 鑽穴踰垣／钻穴踰垣
• 鑽穴踰牆／钻穴踰墙
• 阿是穴
• 風穴／风穴 (fēngxué)
• 鳳穴／凤穴
• 點穴／点穴 (diǎnxué)
• 鼷穴
• 龍潭虎穴／龙潭虎穴
• 龍穴／龙穴

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1869”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]‎^[1] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

穴

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. hole, opening

Readings

• Go-on: げち (gechi)
• Kan-on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: あな (ana, 穴, Jōyō)
• Nanori: けな (kena); しし (shishi); な (na)

Compounds

Compounds

• 穴(あな)子(ご) (anago): conger eel
• 点(てん)穴(けつ) (tenketsu): pressure points
• 六(ろっ)穴(けつ) (rokketsu): the six holes of the human body, which are the mouth, eyes, ears, nose, anus, and genitals

Kanji in this term
穴
あな Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) あな​ [ànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [a̠na̠]

Noun

穴(あな) • (ana) 

1. hole

   靴(くつ)下(した)に穴(あな)が開(あ)いた。

   Kutsushita ni ana ga aita.

   My socks got a hole in them.

   (literally, “A hole opened up in my socks.”)

2. opening, aperture
3. pit
4. cave, cavern
5. lair, den, burrow
6. loss, deficit
7. flaw, defect

Synonyms

• (hole): 孔
• (opening): 口
• (pit): 坑
• (cave): 洞
• (lair): 窟
• (loss): 損失
• (flaw): 缺点

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 穴 – see the following entry.

【けつ】 [noun] ass; arse; buttocks [noun] last or hindermost part

(This term, 穴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

穴 (eumhun 구멍 혈 (gumeong hyeol))

1. (구멍 혈, gumeong-): hole, hollow
2. (구덩이 혈, gudeong'i-): pit, ditch
3. (굴 혈, gul-): cave, cavern, cavity; den, burrow, sett
4. (움 혈, um-): dugout

Synonyms

• 孔 (공, gong) hole
• 坑 (갱, gaeng) pit
• 壕 (호, ho) moat, ditch, trench, channel
• 窟 (굴, gul) cave, den, burrow, tunnel

Compounds

• 穴居人 (혈거인, hyeolgeoin) cave dweller

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Vietnamese

Han character

穴: Hán Nôm readings: huyệt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.