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穴

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 六, 冘, and 宂
穴 U+7A74, 穴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A74
← 穳
[U+7A73] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 穵 →
[U+7A75]
⽳ U+2F73, ⽳
KANGXI RADICAL CAVE
← ⽲
[U+2F72] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽴ →
[U+2F74]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 116 穴

穴 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十金 (JC), four-corner 30802, composition ⿱宀八)

  1. Kangxi radical #116, ⽳.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 862, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25406
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 37
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7A74

Chinese

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trad. 穴
simp. # 穴
alternative forms 𠕉
𥤢

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 穴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泬 *qʰʷliːɡ
坹 *qʰʷliːɡ, *ɡʷliːɡ
穴 *ɡʷliːɡ
袕 *ɡʷliːɡ, *ɢʷjiɡ
鴪 *ɢʷiɡ

Pictogram (象形)—possibly an entrance to a cave or a door flap. A conservative version is 𠕉. See also 奐 and the top component of 罙.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huag8 - Shantou;
  • huêg8 - Chaozhou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 穴
Mandarin Beijing /ɕyɛ⁵¹/
/ɕyɛ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕyɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕye⁵³/
Jinan /ɕyə⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕyə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xining /ɕi²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕye¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕyə¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕyɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕye²¹³/ 新
/ɕie²¹³/ 舊
Chengdu /ɕie³¹/
Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ¹/
/ɦyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦyəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦyəʔ²/
Wenzhou /jy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕye²²/
Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ɕie²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕyɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /hiat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /hiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyt̚²/
Nanning /yt̚²²/
Hong Kong /jyt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiat̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xiɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /huak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hit̚³/
Rime
Character 穴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 屑 (88)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 胡決切
Baxter hwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦwet̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuet̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣiwet̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣiwet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xué
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 穴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xué
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁi[t]/
English cave, pit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 穴
Reading # 1/1
No. 14092
Phonetic
component 		穴
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		穴
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷliːɡ/

Definitions

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穴

  1. hole
  2. grave (pit)
  3. cave; cavern
  4. (literal, figurative) den; nest; lair
  5. (traditional Chinese medicine) acupoint

Synonyms

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  • (hole):
Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴, 窿
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 窟窿
Singapore 洞
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 窟窿
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 窟窿
Wanrong 窟窿
Xi'an 窟窿子, 窟窿
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
Wuhan 窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
Liuzhou 窿
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 窟窿
Yangzhou 洞, 窟窿
Hefei 窟窿, 洞
Cantonese Guangzhou 窿, 咕窿
Hong Kong 窿, 咕窿
Taishan 孔
Yangjiang 窿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 窿
Singapore (Guangfu) 窿
Gan Nanchang 洞
Hakka Meixian 窿仔, 窿空仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 空
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 空
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 空
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 空
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 空
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 空
Jin Taiyuan 窟窿, 窟子
Northern Min Jian'ou 川
Eastern Min Fuzhou 空空
Southern Min Xiamen 空, 空口
Quanzhou 空
Zhangzhou 空口
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 空
Taipei 空
Penang (Hokkien) 空
Singapore (Hokkien) 空
Manila (Hokkien) 空
Chaozhou 空
Jieyang 空, 洞
Haifeng 空
Singapore (Teochew) 空
Singapore (Hainanese) 空
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 窿
Wu Suzhou 洞
Wenzhou 洞, 窟, 窟窿
Jinhua 窟窿
Xiang Changsha 洞, 洞子
Shuangfeng 眼貢, 洞
  • (cave):

Compounds

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References

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  • (Hokkien)
  • (Puxian Min)
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “穴”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 271.
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “根”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 230.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 穴
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
穴󠄁
穴+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
穴󠄄
穴+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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穴

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. hole, opening

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
穴
あな
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
孔

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ana.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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穴(あな) • (ana) 

  1. hole
    靴(くつ)下(した)に穴(あな)が開(あ)いた。
    Kutsushita ni ana ga aita.
    My socks got a hole in them.
    (literally, “A hole opened up in my socks.”)
  2. opening, aperture
    Synonym: 口 (kuchi)
  3. pit
    Synonym: 坑 (kō)
  4. cave, cavern
    Synonym: 洞 (hora)
  5. lair, den, burrow
    Synonym: 岩屋 (iwaya)
  6. loss, deficit
    Synonym: 損失 (sonshitsu)
  7. flaw, defect
    Synonym: 欠点 (ketten)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
穴
けつ
Grade: 6
kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 穴 – see the following entry.
【けつ】
[noun] (informal) ass; arse; buttocks
[noun] (informal) last or hindermost part
[noun] (informal) upcoming item on the schedule
[noun] (informal) gay sex, sex between two men
Alternative spelling
尻
(This term, 穴, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
穴
めど
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 穴 – see the following entry.
【針孔めど】
[noun] eye of a needle
(This term, 穴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “穴”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1582 (paper), page 843 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 905 (paper), page 465 (digital)
  4. ^ “穴・孔”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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穴 (eumhun 구멍 혈 (gumeong hyeol))

  1. (구멍 혈, gumeong-): hole, hollow
  2. (구덩이 혈, gudeong'i-): pit, ditch
  3. (굴 혈, gul-): cave, cavern, cavity; den, burrow, sett
  4. (움 혈, um-): dugout

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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穴: Hán Nôm readings: huyệt

  1. chữ Hán form of huyệt (“grave; acupoint”).

Compounds

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