穴

See also: 六, 冘, and 宂

穴	U+7A74, 穴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A74

← 穳
[U+7A73]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穵 →
[U+7A75]

⽳	U+2F73, ⽳ KANGXI RADICAL CAVE

← ⽲
[U+2F72]

Kangxi Radicals

⽴ →
[U+2F74]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 116 穴

穴 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十金 (JC), four-corner 3080₂, composition ⿱宀八)

Kangxi radical #116, ⽳.

Derived characters[edit]

Appendix:Chinese radical/穴
𠱇, 坹, 𡯜, 岤, 㧒, 泬, 狖, 柼, 𡯠, 𦙮, 𥄴, 𥑫, 𮂾, 袕, 䋉, 𦥨, 𧉢, 䛎, 貁, 𫙕, 鴥(𫛣), 䴳, 𪕏
鴪, 帘, 𧉴, 𧦱, 𥧢, 屄, 茓, 𡢠, 𢱑, 攨, 㴏, 矈, 臱, 邃, 邉

References[edit]

KangXi: page 862, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25406
Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 37
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 1
Unihan data for U+7A74

Chinese[edit]

trad.		穴
simp. ^#		穴

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 穴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
泬	*qʰʷliːɡ
坹	qʰʷliːɡ, ɡʷliːɡ
穴	*ɡʷliːɡ
袕	ɡʷliːɡ, ɢʷjiɡ
鴪	*ɢʷiɡ

Pictogram (象形)—possibly an entrance to a cave or a door flap.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xué, xuè

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hie̍t / hia̍t
Jin (Wiktionary): xueh⁵
Min Bei (KCR): hiē
Min Dong (BUC): hiĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hia̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): huag⁸ / huêg⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhyq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: xué
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syué
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: xuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶
  - Yale: yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hie̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hied
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯at̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xueh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕuəʔ⁵⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɛ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛt̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huag⁸ / huêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/

Note:

huag8 - Shantou;
huêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhyq (T5)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 穴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵¹/ /ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕye⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕye²¹³/ 新 /ɕie²¹³/ 舊
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyt̚²/
	Nanning	/yt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jyt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/huak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hit̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦwet̚/

Rime
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡決切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuet̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiwet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷliːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué
Middle Chinese	‹ hwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁi[t]/
English	cave, pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14092
Phonetic component	穴
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	穴
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷliːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

穴

Synonyms[edit]

(hole):

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
	Jinan	窟窿
	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Nanjing	窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
	Singapore	洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	空
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	川
Min Dong	Fuzhou	空空
Min Nan	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Haifeng	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 穴

References[edit]

(Min Nan) “Entry #1869”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

穴

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

hole, opening

Readings[edit]

Go-on: げち (gechi)^{←げち (geti, historical)}^{←ぐゑち (gweti, ancient)}
Kan-on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)^{←けつ (ketu, historical)}^{←くゑつ (kwetu, ancient)}
Kun: あな (ana, 穴, Jōyō)
Nanori: けな (kena); しし (shishi); な (na)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

穴(あな)子(ご) (anago): conger eel
点(てん)穴(けつ) (tenketsu): pressure points
六(ろっ)穴(けつ) (rokketsu): the six holes of the human body, which are the mouth, eyes, ears, nose, anus, and genitals

Kanji in this term
穴
あな Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) あな [ànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [a̠na̠]

Noun[edit]

穴(あな) • (ana)

hole
靴(くつ)下(した)に穴(あな)が開(あ)いた。
Kutsushita ni ana ga aita.
My socks got a hole in them.
(literally, “A hole opened up in my socks.”)
opening, aperture
pit
cave, cavern
lair, den, burrow
loss, deficit
flaw, defect

Synonyms[edit]

(hole): 孔
(opening): 口
(pit): 坑
(cave): 洞
(lair): 窟
(loss): 損失
(flaw): 缺点

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 穴 – see the following entry.

【けつ】	[noun] ass; arse; buttocks [noun] last or hindermost part

(This term, 穴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

穴 (eumhun 구멍 혈 (gumeong hyeol))

(구멍 혈, gumeong-): hole, hollow
(구덩이 혈, gudeong'i-): pit, ditch
(굴 혈, gul-): cave, cavern, cavity; den, burrow, sett
(움 혈, um-): dugout

Synonyms[edit]

孔 (공, gong) hole
坑 (갱, gaeng) pit
壕 (호, ho) moat, ditch, trench, channel
窟 (굴, gul) cave, den, burrow, tunnel

Compounds[edit]

穴居人 (혈거인, hyeolgeoin) cave dweller