穴

穴 U+7A74, 穴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A74 ← 穳 [U+7A73] CJK Unified Ideographs 穵 → [U+7A75]

See also: 六 and 冘

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

穴 (radical 116 穴+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十金 (JC), four-corner 3080₂, composition ⿱宀八)

1. Kangxi radical #116, ⽳ (“cave”).

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/穴

References

• KangXi: page 862, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25406
• Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 37
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2718, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7A74

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		穴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 穴
Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
泬	*qʰʷliːɡ
坹	*qʰʷliːɡ, *ɡʷliːɡ
穴	*ɡʷliːɡ
袕	*ɡʷliːɡ, *ɢʷjiɡ
鴪	*ɢʷiɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xué, xuè

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hie̍t / hia̍t
• Min Nan (POJ): hia̍t
• Wu (Wiktionary): hhyq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: xué
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hsüeh²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕɥ̯œ³⁵/
    • 
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: xuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
    • Wade-Giles: hsüeh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕɥ̯œ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyut⁶
    • Yale: yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hie̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: hied
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
    • IPA: /hi̯et̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
    • IPA: /hi̯at̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: hia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛt̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛt̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛt̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhyq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɦɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 穴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵¹/ /ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕye⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕye²¹³/ 新 /ɕie²¹³/ 舊
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiat̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/hiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyt̚²/
	Nanning	/yt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jyt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/huak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hit̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦwet̚/▼

Rime
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡決切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuet̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiwet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷliːɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué
Middle Chinese	‹ hwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]/
English	cave, pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14092
Phonetic component	穴
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	穴
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷliːɡ/

Definitions

穴

1. hole
2. cave, cavern, lair, den

Compounds

Terms derived from 穴

• 洞穴 (dòngxué, “cave”)
• 穴位 (xuéwèi)

• 穴寶蓋兒／穴宝盖儿
• 穴居野處／穴居野处

• 穴道

• 穴隙

• 穴頭／穴头

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1869”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

穴

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. hole, opening

Readings

• Goon: げち (gechi)
• Kan’on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: あな (ana, 穴, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 穴子 (あなご) (anago): conger eel
• 点穴 (てんけつ) (tenketsu): pressure points
• 六穴 (ろっけつ) (rokketsu): the six holes of the human body, which are the mouth, eyes, ears, nose, anus, and genitals

Kanji in this term
穴
あな Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) あな​ [ànáꜜ] (Odaka - [2])
• IPA^(key): [a̠na̠]

Noun

穴 (hiragana あな, rōmaji ana)

1. hole
2. opening, aperture
3. pit
4. cave, cavern
5. lair, den, burrow
6. loss, deficit
7. flaw, defect

Synonyms

• (hole): 孔
• (opening): 口
• (pit): 坑
• (cave): 洞
• (lair): 窟
• (loss): 損失
• (flaw): 缺点

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Korean

Hanja

穴 • (hyeol)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 혈 (McCune-Reischauer: hyŏl, Yale: hyel)
  • Name (hangeul): 구멍 (revised: gumeong)

1. (구멍 혈, gumeong-): hole, hollow
2. (구덩이 혈, gudeong'i-): pit, ditch
3. (굴 혈, gul-): cave, cavern, cavity; den, burrow, sett
4. (움 혈, um-): dugout

Synonyms

• 孔 (공, gong) hole
• 坑 (갱, gaeng) pit
• 壕 (호, ho) moat, ditch, trench, channel
• 窟 (굴, gul) cave, den, burrow, tunnel

Compounds

• 穴居人 (혈거인, hyeolgeoin) cave dweller

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Vietnamese

Han character

穴 (huyệt)

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