坑

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See also: 阬
坑 U+5751, 坑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5751
← 坐
[U+5750] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 坒 →
[U+5752]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

坑 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土卜竹弓 (GYHN), four-corner 40117, composition ⿰土亢)

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4932
  • Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 426, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5751

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 坑
alternative forms 阬
坈 ancient

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 坑
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笐 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs
亢 *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs
牨 *kaːŋ
苀 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
魧 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
迒 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
邟 *kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼 *kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ
骯 *kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗 *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
炕 *kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ
伉 *kʰaːŋs
閌 *kʰaːŋs
犺 *kʰaːŋs
蚢 *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊 *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
阬 *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
頏 *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
航 *ɡaːŋ
杭 *ɡaːŋ
沆 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
肮 *ɡaːŋ
吭 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔 *kraːŋ
坑 *kʰraːŋ
劥 *kʰraːŋ

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kēngr - “pit; hollow”.
  • Cantonese
    • Note: hang4 - “ravine”.
    Note:
    • khiⁿ/kheⁿ - vernacular;
    • kheng - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 坑
    Mandarin Beijing /kʰəŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kʰəŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kʰəŋ²¹/
    Jinan /kʰəŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /kʰəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kʰəŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kʰəŋ²¹/
    Xining /kʰə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kʰəŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kʰə̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /kʰɤŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kʰən⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /kʰən⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kʰen⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kʰə⁴⁴̃/
    Nanjing /kʰən³¹/
    Hefei /kʰən²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kʰəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /kʰəŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /kʰə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰɑ̃⁵³/
    Suzhou /kʰã⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /kʰen³³/
    Wenzhou /kʰiɛ³³/
    Hui Shexian /kʰʌ̃³¹/
    /kʰɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /kʰɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /kʰən³³/
    Xiangtan /kʰən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kʰɑŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /haŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /hɑŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /haŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /haŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /haŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰiŋ⁵⁵/
    /kʰĩ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰaŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰẽ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xaŋ³⁵/
    /xaŋ³¹/ 俗
    Rime
    Character 坑
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 庚 (109)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 客庚切
    Baxter khaeng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰˠæŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰᵚaŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰaŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰaɨjŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰɐŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰɐŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰɐŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		kēng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hang1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 坑
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7399
    Phonetic
    component         		亢
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		阬
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰraːŋ/
    Notes 同阬見莊子

    Definitions[edit]

    坑

    1. pit; hole (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
      泥坑  ―  níkēng  ―  mud pit
      隕石坑／陨石坑  ―  yǔnshí kēng  ―  meteorite crater
    2. tunnel
      礦坑／矿坑  ―  kuàngkēng  ―  mining pit; mine shaft
    3. (dialectal, including Cantonese) ditch; trench (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    4. (dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Taishanese) valley; gully; ravine
    5. (Hakka) small stream; creek; brook (Classifier: 條／条 h)
    6. (figurative) trap
    7. (by extension, neologism, Internet slang) fandom; media franchise
      入坑  ―  rùkēng  ―  to get into a fandom
    8. (literary) to bury alive
      焚書坑儒／焚书坑儒  ―  fénshūkēngrú  ―  to burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive
    9. to entrap; to cheat
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (pit): (dialectal) 潭 (tán)
    • (to entrap):

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Mandarin 漢?”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    坑

    1. (Cantonese, in compounds) man

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    坑

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    坑
    こう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    坑(こう) • (kō) 

    1. pit, usually of a mine

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 坑 (MC khaeng).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    坑 (eumhun 구덩이 갱 (gudeong'i gaeng))

    1. Hanja form? of 갱 (“pit”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    坑: Hán Việt readings: khanh, khâng, khuâng
    坑: Nôm readings: khanh, ganh

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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