杭

杭 U+676D, 杭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-676D ← 杬 [U+676C] CJK Unified Ideographs 杮 → [U+676E]

Translingual

Han character

杭 (radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木卜竹弓 (DYHN), four-corner 4091₇, composition ⿰木亢)

References

• KangXi: page 513, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14494
• Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1174, character 3
• Unihan data for U+676D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		杭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笐	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs
亢	*kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
魧	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
迒	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
邟	*kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	*kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ
骯	*kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
炕	*kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
阬	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
頏	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).

Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): háng (hang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁴
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hâng / hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhaan (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: háng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
    • Wade–Giles: hang2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: háng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hong⁴
    • Yale: hòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng
    • Tâi-lô: hâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /haŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhaan (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɑ̃²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑŋ/

Rime
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]-[ɡ]ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	háng
Middle Chinese	‹ hang ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]-[ɡ]ˁaŋ/
English	to go by boat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
No.	7383
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	航
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

杭

1. ^† Alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”).
2. ^† Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”).
3. ^† Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”).
4. (dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden
5. Short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”).
6. A surname​.

Compounds

• 上有天堂，下有蘇杭／上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
• 杭剪
• 杭子
• 杭州 (Hángzhōu)
• 杭愛山／杭爱山 (Háng'àishān)

• 杭桂 (Hángguì)
• 杭筏
• 杭紗／杭纱
• 杭紬／杭䌷
• 杭絕／杭绝

• 杭菊
• 杭蓋／杭盖 (Hánggài)
• 杭越
• 榔杭
• 餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: kāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

杭

1. ^† Alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”).

   杭莊 / 杭庄  ―  kāngzhuāng  ―  broad road

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: kàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

杭

1. ^† Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”).
2. ^† Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”).
3. ^† Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”).

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Japanese

Kanji

杭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. stake, picket
2. stump

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: くい (kui, 杭); わたる (wataru, 杭る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
杭
くい Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 杙

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) く​い [kúꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝi]

Noun

杭(くい) • (kui) 

1. stake, pile, post

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Korean

Hanja

杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

杭: Hán Nôm readings: cáng, hàng, khiêng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.