杭

杭 U+676D, 杭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-676D ← 杬 [U+676C] CJK Unified Ideographs 杮 → [U+676E]

Translingual

Han character

杭 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木卜竹弓 (DYHN), four-corner 4091₇, composition ⿰木亢)

Derived characters

• 𠵉, 𫙤, 𰱓, 𥮕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 513, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14494
• Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1174, character 3
• Unihan data for U+676D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		杭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笐	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs
亢	*kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
魧	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
迒	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
邟	*kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	*kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ
骯	*kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
炕	*kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
阬	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
頏	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).

Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): háng (hang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hòng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hâng / hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶ghaon / ²ghan

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: háng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: háng
    • Wade–Giles: hang²
    • Yale: háng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
    • Palladius: хан (xan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hong⁴
    • Yale: hòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hong²
    • Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng
    • Tâi-lô: hâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /haŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ghaon
    • MiniDict: ghaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²³/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²ghan
    • MiniDict: ghan^平
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦɑŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hang

Rime
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡郎切
Baxter	hang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]-[ɡ]ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	háng
Middle Chinese	‹ hang ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]-[ɡ]ˁaŋ/
English	to go by boat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杭
Reading #	1/1
No.	7383
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	航
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

杭

1. (obsolete) alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”)
2. (obsolete) alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”)

   • 誰謂河廣，一葦杭之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     谁谓河广，一苇杭之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shéi wèi Hé guǎng, yī wěi háng zhī. [Pinyin]

     Who says that the He is wide?
     With [a bundle of] reeds I can cross it.

3. (obsolete) alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”)
4. (dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden
5. short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”)
6. a surname

Compounds

• 上有天堂，下有蘇杭 / 上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
• 杭剪
• 杭子
• 杭州 (Hángzhōu)
• 杭愛山 / 杭爱山 (Háng'àishān)
• 杭桂 (Hángguì)
• 杭筏
• 杭紗 / 杭纱
• 杭紬 / 杭绸
• 杭絕 / 杭绝
• 杭菊
• 杭蓋 / 杭盖 (Hánggài)
• 杭越
• 榔杭
• 餘杭 / 余杭 (Yúháng)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kang
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
    • Yale: kāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

杭

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”)

   杭莊／杭庄  ―  kāngzhuāng  ―  broad road

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang⁴
    • Yale: kàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

杭

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”)
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”)

Pronunciation 4

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghaon

---

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ghaon
    • MiniDict: ghaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²³/

Definitions

杭

1. (Northern Wu) alternative form of 行 (“to endure; to bear; to shoulder”)

Japanese

Kanji

杭

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. stake, picket
2. stump
3. to cross (via water)

   Synonym: 航

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: くい (kui, 杭)、わたる (wataru, 杭る)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
杭
くい Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 杭 – see the following entry.

【くい】 [noun] stake, pile, post Alternative spellings 杙, 株

(This term, 杭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
杭
くいぜ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 杭 – see the following entry.

【くいぜ】 [noun] stump Alternative spellings 杙, 株

(This term, 杭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

• “杭”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja

杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Noun

杭 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of kháng (“ginger, galangal”).

Vietnamese

Han character

杭: Hán Nôm readings: cáng, hàng, khiêng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.