稻
See also: 稲
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]稻 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木月竹難 (HDBHX), four-corner 22977, composition ⿰禾舀)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 857, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25216
- Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2624, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7A3B
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
稻 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𰨛 | |
| alternative forms | 稲 𫁃 粙 Min vernacular | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 禾 (“grain, cereal, rice”) + phonetic 舀 (OC *lowʔ, *lu, *lo).
Etymology
[edit]Area word (rice culture originated in the south). Often compared with Proto-Hmong-Mien *mbləu (“rice plant/paddy”), whence White Hmong nplej (Bodman, 1980).
The relationship with similar-looking Mon-Khmer words is ambiguous (Schuessler, 2007). Ferlus (2010) proposes a connection to Proto-Austroasiatic *srɔ(ː)ʔ (“paddy”) (Sidwell's 2024 reconstruction; revised from Shorto's 2006 *sruʔ), which in turn is linked to Proto-Austroasiatic *sroʔ (“taro”) (Sidwell's 2024 reconstruction; revised from Shorto's 2006 *t₂rawʔ), as the two plants share the same farming niche.
Alternatively, Sagart (2011) derives this word from 舀 (OC *lowʔ, *lu, *lo, “to scoop (hulled grain) from a mortar”). If so, since the Hmong-Mien comparandum only has the derived sense of “rice”, it would be borrowed from Chinese rather than the other way around.
The native Min word 粙 may be a variant (Schuessler, 2007, apud Norman, p.c.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dou6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): tāu
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô̤ / dêu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dor5 / diu5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6dau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dào
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dào
- Wade–Giles: tao4
- Yale: dàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
- Palladius: дао (dao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dao4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dao
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou6
- Yale: douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tho
- Hakka Romanization System: to
- Hagfa Pinyim: to4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰau⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dô̤ / dêu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔ²⁴²/, /tiɛu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- dô̤ - literary;
- dêu - vernacular (sometimes written as 粙).
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dor5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dor5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: diu5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: diu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiu²¹/
- (Putian)
Note:
- dor5 - literary;
- diu5 - vernacular (as in 割稻).
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: tǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu
- Tâi-lô: tāu
- Phofsit Daibuun: dau
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tau²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎu
- Tâi-lô: tǎu
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tau²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǔ
- Tâi-lô: tiǔ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiū
- Tâi-lô: tiū
- Phofsit Daibuun: diu
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiu²²/
Note:
- tō/tǒ͘ - literary;
- tāu/tǎu - vernacular;
- tiū/tiǔ - vernacular (sometimes written as 粙).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dao6 / diu6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tău / tiŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau³⁵/, /tiu³⁵/
Note:
- dao6 - literary;
- diu6 - vernacular (sometimes written as 粙).
- Middle Chinese: dawX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤuʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'uːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]稻
- paddy; rice (Oryza sativa)
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “稻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “稻”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 174.
Japanese
[edit]| 稲 | |
| 稻 |
Kanji
[edit]稻
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 稲)
- rice plant
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: どう (dō)←だう (dau, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kun: いね (ine, 稻)、いな (ina, 稻)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading だう
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