lúa
See also: Appendix:Variations of "lua"
Galician
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lũa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin lūna. Compare Portuguese lua and Spanish luna.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]lúa f (plural lúas)
- the Moon
- Synonym: Lúa
- a moon or natural satellite of any planet
- moonlight
- Synonym: luar
- a lunar month
- Synonym: lunación
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “lu_a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “lua”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “lũa”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “lua”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Icelandic
[edit]Noun
[edit]lúa
- indefinite accusative singular of lúi
- indefinite dative singular of lúi
- indefinite genitive singular of lúi
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]lúa f (plural lúas)
Further reading
[edit]- “lúa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Vietic *ʔa-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2007). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.
According to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from "taro" to "rice".[1] Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *ʔa-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).[2]
Alternative forms
[edit]- (North Central Vietnam) ló (no diphthongization)
Noun
[edit](classifier cây) lúa • (穭, 𧀦, 魯)
- rice (with seed still in stalk)
- (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) paddy; unhusked rice
- Synonym: thóc
- (slang) money
- Tuần này hết lúa rồi, mượn gì thì để sau.
- I'm broke this week, come back later if you want to borrow (some bucks).
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Adjective
[edit]lúa
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) short for hai lúa (“rustic; bumpkinish”)
- unrefined; rather plain; shabby
- Đúng là nhìn hơi lúa, mà vẫn bán hàng ầm ầm...
- It really does look shabby, but it's still selling wildly...
- Chàng trai 30 tuổi nhìn hơi lúa hứa sẽ không để bạn gái chịu khổ.
- The guy is thirty years old, looks rather plain, and promises not to let his girlfriend suffer.
- rather cheap; low quality
- Kem hộp màu vàng, nhựa rẻ tiền, nhìn hơi lúa.
- The cream is in a yellow pack, cheap plastic, looks rather low quality.
- unrefined; rather plain; shabby
Etymology 2
[edit]The verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French[3][4] at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams.[5] Alternatively, it could have the same origin as etymology 1.
Verb
[edit]lúa
- (Southern Vietnam, dated, slang, intransitive) to fail (a task or an academic examination)
- Trò ấy lúa rồi!
- That student has failed [the test]!
- Công việc lúa cả rồi!
- Business is now screwed.
- 2014 March 24, TranDuong, “Nhìn lại việc thi tú tài ở Việt Nam trước 1975”, in Vietnam Future[3]:
- Tên sao trùng với người thế. Gặp ông là lúa đời rồi. Ông nổi tiếng hung thần đánh rớt học trò. Vậy mà được đồng nghiệp kính nể.
- How can his name so matching with his character. Meet him and your life will fall apart. He is infamous for being a devil who fails students. Yet he is respected by his colleagues.
References
[edit]- ^ Ferlus, Michel. “The Austroasiatic Vocabulary for Rice: its Origin and Expansion.” Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 3.2 (2010), 61-76.
- ^ Shorto, H. A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Ed. Paul Sidwell, 2006. Entry 187. p. 111
- ^ Trần Văn Khê ((Can we date this quote?)) “BA NĂM HỌC TÚ TÀI Tại Trường Petrus Ký 1938-1940”, in Đặc San Petrus Ký Úc Châu 2002/03[1] (in Vietnamese), sourced from Hồi ký của giáo sư Trần Văn Khê, page 102
- ^ Huỳnh Ái Tông (2001 March 31) Trường Tôi[2] (in Vietnamese): “Sàigòn có Giáo Sư Kiết và Giáo sư Lúa dạy Pháp Văn, gặp một trong hai ông ấy coi như đi đong, [...]”
- ^ Ban biên soạn chuyên từ điển: New Era “lúa (lóng)”, in Từ điển tiếng Việt (in Vietnamese), Ho Chi Minh City: Nhà xuất bản Hồng Đức; Hiệu sách Ngọc Mai, published 2011, page 884: “Tên thầy giáo Lúa, dạy ở Petrus Kí (Saigon 1955) khi đi chấm thi trung học rất hắc búa, trò nào vào gặp ông hỏi vấn đáp thì thường bị đánh rớt. Từ đó chữ Lúa chỉ sự thi hỏng, hay công việc đã hỏng.”
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