獄

獄 U+7344, 獄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344 ← 獃 [U+7343] CJK Unified Ideographs 獅 → [U+7345]

See also: 狱

Translingual

Han character

獄 (radical 94 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 4323₄, composition ⿰狺犬)

1. prison, jail
2. case
3. lawsuit

Descendants

• 狱

See also

• 狺

References

• KangXi: page 717, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
• Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1365, character 16
• Unihan data for U+7344

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Chinese

trad.		獄
simp.		狱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
嶽	*ŋroːɡ
鸑	*ŋroːɡ
哭	*ŋ̥ʰoːɡ
獄	*ŋoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): juk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiu̍k
• Min Nan (POJ): ga̍k / gio̍k / ge̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Wade-Giles: yü⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
    • IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: juk⁶
    • Yale: yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yug⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug⁶
    • IPA: /ɲi̯uk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ga̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ga̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gak̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /gak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /gak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /gak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gak̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /giɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gek
    • IPA (Taipei): /giɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɪk̚⁴/

Note:

• ga̍k - vernacular;
• ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 獄
Mandarin	Beijing	/y⁵¹/
	Harbin	/y⁵³/
	Tianjin	/y⁵³/
	Jinan	/y²¹/
	Qingdao	/y⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/y²⁴/
	Xi'an	/y²¹/
	Xining	/y⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/y¹³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/iəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/ /y¹³/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/iu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/y⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/iɦoʔ⁵/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵioʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/niu²²/
	Tunxi	/ȵiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐəu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/iəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiuk̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jok̚²/
	Nanning	/juk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/juk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/giɔk̚⁵/ /gak̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋy⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/gek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zok̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚欲切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuawk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiok̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ŋ]rok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]rok/
English	lawsuit; prison
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
No.	16032
Phonetic component	獄
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	玉
Old Chinese	/*ŋoɡ/

Definitions

獄

1. prison

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

獄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: ごく (goku)
• Kan’on: ぎょく (gyoku) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: ひとや (hitoya)

Compounds

• 獄衣 (ごくい) (gokui): prison clothes
• 獄則 (ごくそく) (gokusoku): prison rules
• 地獄 (じごく) (jigoku)
• 辺獄 (へんごく) (hengoku)
• 煉獄 (れんごく) (rengoku)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
獄
ごく Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 獄 (ngjowk, “prison”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) ご​く [góꜜkù] (Atamadaka - [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

獄 (hiragana ごく, rōmaji goku)

1. prison

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
獄
ひとや Grade: S
kun'yomi

Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ひとや [hìtóyá] (Heiban - [0])
  • IPA^(key): [çito̞̊ja̠]

Alternative forms

• 人屋, 囚獄

Noun

獄 (hiragana ひとや, rōmaji hitoya)

1. prison

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Korean

Hanja

獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥, revised ok, McCune-Reischauer ok, Yale ok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

獄 (ngục)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: ngục

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999