獄
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See also: 狱
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
Han character
[edit]獄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 43234, composition ⿰狺犬)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
- Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
- Unihan data for U+7344
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 獄 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 狱 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): juk6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): yeh4
- Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̀
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̆k / ngŏk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8yoq; 8gnioq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yù
- Wade–Giles: yü4
- Yale: yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йү (yü, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: juk6
- Yale: yuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: juk9
- Guangdong Romanization: yug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug6
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: yeh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̆k / ngŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋyʔ⁵/, /ŋouʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngṳ̆k - literary;
- ngŏk - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
- Tâi-lô: gio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
Note:
- ga̍k - vernacular;
- ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.
Note:
- 5hhioq - common;
- 5nyioq - expected from historical rime.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 獄 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /y⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /y⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /y²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /y²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /y²¹/ | |
Xining | /y⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /y¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /y¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /yo³¹/ /y¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /iu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /iu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /y⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵioʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ȵioʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦioʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵo²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /niu²²/ |
Tunxi | /ȵiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʐəu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /iəɯ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiuʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiuk̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
Nanning | /juk̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /juk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giɔk̚⁵/ /gak̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋoʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋy⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /gek̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zok̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]rok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoɡ/
Definitions
[edit]獄
- prison
- 如有犯法,則司獄在。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version
- Rú yǒu fànfǎ, zé sī yù zài. [Pinyin]
- If there are those who break the law, then there are officers and jails to deal with them.
如有犯法,则司狱在。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- lawsuit; case
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 下地獄/下地狱
- 三字獄/三字狱
- 下獄/下狱 (xiàyù)
- 人間地獄/人间地狱 (rénjiān dìyù)
- 入獄/入狱 (rùyù)
- 具獄/具狱
- 典獄/典狱 (diǎnyù)
- 典獄長/典狱长 (diǎnyùzhǎng)
- 冤獄/冤狱 (yuānyù)
- 出獄/出狱 (chūyù)
- 劫獄/劫狱 (jiéyù)
- 問事獄具/问事狱具
- 地獄/地狱 (dìyù)
- 執獄/执狱
- 外役監獄/外役监狱
- 大獄/大狱
- 岸獄/岸狱
- 左獄/左狱
- 巫蠱之獄/巫蛊之狱
- 巴士底獄/巴士底狱 (Bāshìdǐ Yù)
- 折獄/折狱
- 拔舌地獄/拔舌地狱
- 政清獄簡/政清狱简
- 斃獄/毙狱 (bìyù)
- 文字獄/文字狱 (wénzìyù)
- 斷獄/断狱 (duànyù)
- 梁獄上書/梁狱上书
- 死獄/死狱
- 決獄/决狱
- 決獄斷刑/决狱断刑
- 法獄治罪/法狱治罪
- 活地獄/活地狱 (huódìyù)
- 滿獄/满狱
- 炸獄/炸狱
- 煉獄/炼狱 (liànyù)
- 片言折獄/片言折狱
- 牢獄/牢狱 (láoyù)
- 牢獄之災/牢狱之灾 (láoyùzhīzāi)
- 犁舌獄/犁舌狱
- 獄人/狱人
- 獄卒/狱卒 (yùzú)
- 獄吏/狱吏 (yùlì)
- 獄子/狱子
- 獄掾/狱掾
- 獄案/狱案
- 獄氣/狱气
- 獄犴/狱犴
- 獄訟/狱讼
- 獄警/狱警 (yùjǐng)
- 獄豻/狱豻
- 獄貨非寶/狱货非宝
- 畫地為獄/画地为狱
- 疑獄/疑狱 (yíyù)
- 監獄/监狱 (jiānyù)
- 競獄/竞狱
- 繫獄/系狱 (xìyù)
- 聽獄/听狱 (tīngyù)
- 胡藍之獄/胡蓝之狱
- 蔽獄/蔽狱
- 觥籌獄/觥筹狱
- 詔獄/诏狱
- 讞獄/谳狱
- 賣官鬻獄/卖官鬻狱
- 越獄/越狱 (yuèyù)
- 逃獄/逃狱 (táoyù)
- 邊獄/边狱
- 酒食地獄/酒食地狱
- 鋃鐺入獄/锒铛入狱 (lángdāngrùyù)
- 阿呼地獄/阿呼地狱
- 阿鼻地獄/阿鼻地狱 (ābí dìyù)
- 鬻獄/鬻狱 (yùyù)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]獄
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 獄衣 (gokui): prison clothes
- 獄則 (gokusoku): prison rules
- 地獄 (jigoku): hell
- 辺獄 (hengoku): (theology) limbo
- 煉獄 (rengoku): (theology) purgatory
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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獄 |
ごく Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 獄/狱 (ngjowk, “prison”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
獄 |
ひとや Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
人屋 囚獄 |
Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).[3][1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
[edit]- Nôm: ngục
References
[edit]- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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- ja:Buildings
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