獄

See also: 狱

獄	U+7344, 獄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344

← 獃
[U+7343]

CJK Unified Ideographs

獅 →
[U+7345]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

獄 (radical 94 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 4323₄, composition ⿰狺犬)

Descendants[edit]

狱

References[edit]

KangXi: page 717, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1365, character 16
Unihan data for U+7344

Chinese[edit]

trad.		獄
simp.		狱

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
嶽	*ŋroːɡ
鸑	*ŋroːɡ
哭	*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄	*ŋoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): juk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiu̍k
Min Nan (POJ): ga̍k / gio̍k / ge̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Wade-Giles: yü⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
  - IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: juk⁶
  - Yale: yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yug⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug⁶
  - IPA: /ɲi̯uk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gak
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /gak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: gio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /giɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
  - Tâi-lô: gi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /giɪk̚⁴/

Note:

ga̍k - vernacular;
ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 獄
Mandarin	Beijing	/y⁵¹/
	Harbin	/y⁵³/
	Tianjin	/y⁵³/
	Jinan	/y²¹/
	Qingdao	/y⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/y²⁴/
	Xi'an	/y²¹/
	Xining	/y⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/y¹³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/iəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/ /y¹³/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/iu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/y⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/iɦoʔ⁵/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵioʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/niu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐəu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiuk̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jok̚²/
	Nanning	/juk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/juk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/giɔk̚⁵/ /gak̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋy⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/gek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zok̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚欲切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuawk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiok̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*[ŋ]rok/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋoɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]rok/
English	lawsuit; prison
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
No.	16032
Phonetic component	獄
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	玉
Old Chinese	/*ŋoɡ/

Definitions[edit]

獄

prison

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: ごく (goku, Jōyō)
Kan’on: ぎょく (gyoku)
Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 獄)

Compounds[edit]

獄衣 (ごくい) (gokui): prison clothes
獄則 (ごくそく) (gokusoku): prison rules
地獄 (じごく) (jigoku): hell
辺獄 (へんごく) (hengoku): (theology) limbo
煉獄 (れんごく) (rengoku): (theology) purgatory

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
獄
ごく Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 獄 (ngjowk, “prison”).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ごく [góꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun[edit]

獄 (hiragana ごく, rōmaji goku)

prison

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
獄
ひとや Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) ひとや [hìtóyá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [çito̞̊ja̠]

Alternative forms[edit]

人屋, 囚獄

Noun[edit]

獄 (hiragana ひとや, rōmaji hitoya)

prison

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥, revised ok, McCune-Reischauer ok, Yale ok)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

獄 (ngục)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Nôm: ngục

References[edit]

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

獄

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Readings[edit]

References[edit]

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