獄

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See also: 狱
獄 U+7344, 獄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344
← 獃
[U+7343] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獅 →
[U+7345]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

獄 (radical 94, 犬+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 43234, composition ⿰狺犬)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 717, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+7344

Chinese[edit]

trad. 獄
simp. 狱

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嶽 *ŋroːɡ
鸑 *ŋroːɡ
哭 *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄 *ŋoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ngṳ̆k - literary;
  • ngŏk - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • ga̍k - vernacular;
    • ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 獄
    Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
    Harbin /y⁵³/
    Tianjin /y⁵³/
    Jinan /y²¹/
    Qingdao /y⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /y²⁴/
    Xi'an /y²¹/
    Xining /y⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /y¹³/
    Lanzhou /y¹³/
    Ürümqi /y²¹³/
    Wuhan /iəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /yo³¹/
    /y¹³/
    Guiyang /iu²¹/
    Kunming /iu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /yəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
    Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ⁵/
    /ɦyɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /niu²²/
    Tunxi /ȵiu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiuʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
    Nanning /juk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /juk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giɔk̚⁵/
    /gak̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋy⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /gek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zok̚³/
    Rime
    Character 獄
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 燭 (8)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚欲切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋɨok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋiok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuawk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiok̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwok̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yù
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 獄
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ]rok/
    English lawsuit; prison

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 獄
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16032
    Phonetic
    component         		獄
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		玉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋoɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    獄

    1. prison
    2. lawsuit; case

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
    Mandarin Beijing 監獄, 泡兒局 dated
    Taiwan 監獄
    Tianjin 監獄
    Tangshan 監獄
    Cangzhou 監獄, 班房兒
    Baoding 監獄
    Shijiazhuang 監獄
    Chifeng 監獄
    Hailar 監獄, 笆籬子
    Harbin 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
    Shenyang 牢, 班房, 笆籬子
    Muping 監牢獄, 監獄
    Qingdao 監牢獄
    Jinan 監獄, 監牢獄, 監
    Luoyang 監, 牢
    Zhengzhou 監獄, 監, 牢
    Xi'an 監獄, 監, 牢
    Yinchuan 監獄, 牢, 班房
    Lanzhou 監獄, 班房子, 班房
    Xining 牢, 班房
    Ürümqi 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
    Wuhan 監獄, 牢, 班房
    Chengdu 牢, 班房
    Guiyang 監獄, 班房
    Kunming 監獄, 牢, 班房
    Guilin 監獄, 牢
    Liuzhou 監獄, 牢
    Xuzhou 監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
    Yangzhou 牢監, 牢, 班房
    Nanjing 牢
    Hefei 監獄
    Nantong 監牢, 牢
    Singapore 監牢
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 班房子, 獄監
    Cantonese Guangzhou 監倉
    Hong Kong 監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
    Gan Nanchang 牢監, 班房
    Pingxiang 班房
    Hakka Meixian 監房
    Yudu 班房
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 監獄
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 監獄, 監獄仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 監獄
    Dongshi (Dabu) 監獄
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 監獄
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 監獄
    Huizhou Jixi 監牢
    Shexian 監牢, 牢
    Jin Taiyuan 牢, 班房
    Xinzhou 監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
    Linhe 監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
    Jining 班房
    Hohhot 監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
    Zhangjiakou 監獄, 牢
    Handan 監獄, 房子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 班房
    Min Dong Fuzhou 監牢
    Min Nan Xiamen 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
    Quanzhou 監獄, 監牢
    Zhangzhou 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
    Taipei 內籬仔 GT
    Tainan 監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間
    Penang (Hokkien) 跤跔, 跤跔間
    Singapore (Hokkien) 監牢, 釘鏈間
    Manila (Hokkien) 跤跔, 監獄
    Shantou 監獄
    Singapore (Teochew) 釘鏈間, 監牢
    Leizhou 監倉
    Wu Shanghai 牢監
    Chongming 監牢
    Danyang 監牢
    Hangzhou 牢監
    Ningbo 牢監, 監牢
    Wenzhou 牢監, 班房
    Jinhua 監牢
    Xiang Loudi 班房, 籠子
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    獄

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    獄
    ごく
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 獄 (ngjowk, “prison”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    獄(ごく) • (goku) 

    1. prison

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    獄
    ひとや
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    人屋
    囚獄

    Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).[3][1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    獄(ひとや) • (hitoya) 

    1. prison

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    獄: Hán Nôm readings: ngục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    • Nôm: ngục

    References[edit]

    • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
    • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
    • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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